Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2013) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 33:629–808
Article
Google Scholar
Bigal ME, Serrano D, Reed M, Lipton RB (2008) Chronic migraine in the population: burden, diagnosis, and satisfaction with treatment. Neurology 71:559–566
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dodick DW (2006) Clinical practice. Chronic daily headache. N Engl J Med 354:158–165
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lipton RB, Bigal ME (2003) Chronic daily headache: is analgesic overuse a cause or a consequence? Neurology 61:154–155
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diener HC, Dodick DW, Aurora SK, Turkel CC, DeGryse RE, Lipton RB, Silberstein SD, Brin MF (2010) OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 2 trial. Cephalalgia 30:804–814
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Dodick DW, Freitag FG, Ramadan N, Mathew N, Brandes JL, Bigal M, Saper J, Ascher S, Jordan DM, Greenberg SJ, Hulihan J (2007) Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 47:170–180
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martelletti P, Jensen RH, Antal A, Arcioni R, Brighina F, de Tommaso M, Franzini A, Fontaine D, Heiland M, Jurgens TP, Leone M, Magis D, Paemeleire K, Palmisani S, Paulus W, May A (2013) Neuromodulation of chronic headaches: position statement from the European Headache Federation. J Headache Pain 14:86
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saper JR, Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, McCarville S, Sun M, Goadsby PJ (2011) Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine headache: ONSTIM feasibility study. Cephalalgia 31:271–285
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Cady RK, Aurora SK, Grosberg BM, Freitag FG, Silberstein SD, Whiten DM, Jaax KN (2009) PRISM study: occipital nerve stimulation for treatment-refractory migraine. Cephalalgia 29:30
Google Scholar
Silberstein SD, Dodick DW, Saper J, Huh B, Slavin KV, Sharan A, Reed K, Narouze S, Mogilner A, Goldstein J, Trentman T, Vaisman J, Ordia J, Weber P, Deer T, Levy R, Diaz RL, Washburn SN, Mekhail N (2012) Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia 32:1165–1179
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schoenen J, Vandersmissen B, Jeangette S, Herroelen L, Vandenheede M, Gerard P, Magis D (2013) Migraine prevention with a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 80:697–704
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beekwilder JP, Beems T (2010) Overview of the clinical applications of vagus nerve stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol 27:130–138
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hord ED, Evans MS, Mueed S, Adamolekun B, Naritoku DK (2003) The effect of vagus nerve stimulation on migraines. J Pain 4:530–534
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sadler RM, Purdy RA, Rahey S (2002) Vagal nerve stimulation aborts migraine in patient with intractable epilepsy. Cephalalgia 22:482–484
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mauskop A (2005) Vagus nerve stimulation relieves chronic refractory migraine and cluster headaches. Cephalalgia 25:82–86
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lenaerts ME, Oommen KJ, Couch JR, Skaggs V (2008) Can vagus nerve stimulation help migraine? Cephalalgia 28:392–395
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ellrich J (2011) Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. Eur Neurol Rev 6:254–256
Google Scholar
He W, Jing XH, Zhu B, Zhu XL, Li L, Bai WZ, Ben H (2013) The auriculo-vagal afferent pathway and its role in seizure suppression in rats. BMC Neurosci 14:85
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clancy JA, Mary DA, Witte KK, Greenwood JP, Deuchars SA, Deuchars J (2014) Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in healthy humans reduces sympathetic nerve activity. Brain Stimul 7:871–877
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kraus T, Kiess O, Hosl K, Terekhin P, Kornhuber J, Forster C (2013) CNS BOLD fMRI effects of sham-controlled transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the left outer auditory canal - a pilot study. Brain Stimul 6:798–804
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frangos E, Ellrich J, Komisaruk BR (2015) Non-invasive access to the vagus nerve central projections via electrical stimulation of the external Ear: fMRI evidence in humans. Brain Stimul 8:624–636
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kirchner A, Birklein F, Stefan H, Handwerker HO (2000) Left vagus nerve stimulation suppresses experimentally induced pain. Neurology 55:1167–1171
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Busch V, Zeman F, Heckel A, Menne F, Ellrich J, Eichhammer P (2013) The effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on pain perception--an experimental study. Brain Stimul 6:202–209
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goadsby PJ, Grosberg BM, Mauskop A, Cady R, Simmons KA (2014) Effect of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on acute migraine: an open-label pilot study. Cephalalgia 34:986–993
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beck AT, Erbaugh J, Ward CH, Mock J, Mendelsohn M (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4:561–571
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Dowson AJ, Sawyer J (2001) Development and testing of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire to assess headache-related disability. Neurology 56:S20–S28
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, Ware JE Jr, Garber WH, Batenhorst A, Cady R, Dahlof CG, Dowson A, Tepper S (2003) A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res 12:963–974
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freitag FG, Diamond S, Diamond M, Urban G (2008) Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of chronic migraine without medication overuse. Headache 48:201–209
PubMed
Google Scholar
Silvestrini M, Bartolini M, Coccia M, Baruffaldi R, Taffi R, Provinciali L (2003) Topiramate in the treatment of chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 23:820–824
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diener HC, Bussone G, Van Oene JC, Lahaye M, Schwalen S, Goadsby PJ (2007) Topiramate reduces headache days in chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 27:814–823
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aurora SK, Dodick DW, Turkel CC, DeGryse RE, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Diener HC, Brin MF (2010) OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 1 trial. Cephalalgia 30:793–803
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group (1995) A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable seizures. Neurology 45:224–230
Article
Google Scholar
Milby AH, Halpern CH, Baltuch GH (2008) Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy and depression. Neurotherapeutics 5:75–85
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ellrich J (2006) Long-term depression of orofacial somatosensory processing. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 58:195–208
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ellrich J (2004) Electric low-frequency stimulation of the tongue induces long-term depression of the jaw-opening reflex in anesthetized mice. J Neurophysiol 92:3332–3337
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jung K, Rottmann S, Ellrich J (2009) Long-term depression of spinal nociception and pain in man: influence of varying stimulation parameters. Eur J Pain 13:161–170
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rottmann S, Jung K, Vohn R, Ellrich J (2010) Long-term depression of pain-related cerebral activation in healthy man: an fMRI study. Eur J Pain 14:615–624
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rottmann S, Jung K, Ellrich J (2010) Electrical low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression of sensory and affective components of pain in healthy man. Eur J Pain 14:359–365
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jung K, Larsen LE, Rottmann S, Ellrich J (2011) Heterotopic low-frequency stimulation induces nociceptive LTD within the same central receptive field in man. Exp Brain Res 212:189–198
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jung K, Lelic D, Rottmann S, Drewes AM, Petrini L, Ellrich J (2012) Electrical low-frequency stimulation induces central neuroplastic changes of pain processing in man. Eur J Pain 16:509–521
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rottmann S, Jung K, Ellrich J (2008) Electrical low-frequency stimulation induces homotopic long-term depression of nociception and pain from hand in man. Clin Neurophysiol 119:1895–1904
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aymanns M, Yekta SS, Ellrich J (2009) Homotopic long-term depression of trigeminal pain and blink reflex within one side of the human face. Clin Neurophysiol 120:2093–2099
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yekta SS, Lamp S, Ellrich J (2006) Heterosynaptic long-term depression of craniofacial nociception: divergent effects on pain perception and blink reflex in man. Exp Brain Res 170:414–422
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ellrich J, Schorr A (2004) Low-frequency stimulation of trigeminal afferents induces long-term depression of human sensory processing. Brain Res 996:255–258
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Noseda R, Burstein R (2013) Migraine pathophysiology: anatomy of the trigeminovascular pathway and associated neurological symptoms, CSD, sensitization and modulation of pain. Pain. 154 Suppl 1.
Peuker ET, Filler TJ (2002) The nerve supply of the human auricle. Clin Anat 15:35–37
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lyubashina OA, Sokolov AY, Panteleev SS (2012) Vagal afferent modulation of spinal trigeminal neuronal responses to dural electrical stimulation in rats. Neuroscience 222:29–37
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Multon S, Schoenen J (2005) Pain control by vagus nerve stimulation: from animal to man…and back. Acta Neurol Belg 105:62–67
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bossut DF, Maixner W (1996) Effects of cardiac vagal afferent electrostimulation on the responses of trigeminal and trigeminothalamic neurons to noxious orofacial stimulation. Pain 65:101–109
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zerari-Mailly F, Buisseret P, Buisseret-Delmas C, Nosjean A (2005) Trigemino-solitarii-facial pathway in rats. J Comp Neurol 487:176–189
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Randich A, Gebhart GF (1992) Vagal afferent modulation of nociception. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 17:77–99
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coppola G, Pierelli F, Schoenen J (2009) Habituation and migraine. Neurobiol Learn Mem 92:249–259
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Marinis M, Pujia A, Colaizzo E, Accornero N (2007) The blink reflex in “chronic migraine”. Clin Neurophysiol 118:457–463
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aurora SK, Barrodale PM, Tipton RL, Khodavirdi A (2007) Brainstem dysfunction in chronic migraine as evidenced by neurophysiological and positron emission tomography studies. Headache 47:996–1003
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coppola G, Iacovelli E, Bracaglia M, Serrao M, Di LC, Pierelli F (2013) Electrophysiological correlates of episodic migraine chronification: evidence for thalamic involvement. J Headache Pain 14:76
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Henry TR (2002) Therapeutic mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation. Neurology 59:S3–S14
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ben-Menachem E, Hamberger A, Hedner T, Hammond EJ, Uthman BM, Slater J, Treig T, Stefan H, Ramsay RE, Wernicke JF (1995) Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on amino acids and other metabolites in the CSF of patients with partial seizures. Epilepsy Res 20:221–227
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Richter F, Mikulik O, Ebersberger A, Schaible HG (2005) Noradrenergic agonists and antagonists influence migration of cortical spreading depression in rat-a possible mechanism of migraine prophylaxis and prevention of postischemic neuronal damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25:1225–1235
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pietrobon D, Striessnig J (2003) Neurobiology of migraine. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:386–398
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cernuda-Morollon E, Martinez-Camblor P, Alvarez R, Larrosa D, Ramon C, Pascual J (2015) Increased VIP levels in peripheral blood outside migraine attacks as a potential biomarker of cranial parasympathetic activation in chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 35:310–316
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schytz HW, Birk S, Wienecke T, Kruuse C, Olesen J, Ashina M (2009) PACAP38 induces migraine-like attacks in patients with migraine without aura. Brain 132:16–25
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bussone G, Diener HC, Pfeil J, Schwalen S (2005) Topiramate 100 mg/day in migraine prevention: a pooled analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract 59:961–968
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar