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Changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission within the migraine cycle
The Journal of Headache and Pain volume 14, Article number: P126 (2013)
Background
Although some neurophysiological studies have showed cortical excitability changes during different phases of the migraine cycle, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying attacks recurrence remain unknown. Here we evaluated the response of the migraine motor-cortex to brief trains of 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to study, indirectly, presynaptic mechanisms of glutamatergic neurotransmission across the different phases of the migraine cycle.
Methods
40 migraine with aura (MwA) and 40 migraine without aura (MwoA) patients underwent suprathreshold (130% of the resting motor threshold) brief trains of 5-Hz-rTMS to the motor-cortex, recording Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) at each train stimulus. Patients were studied whatever the phase of the migraine cycle: interictal (n=51), preictal (n=9), ictal (n=10) or postictal (n=10).
Results
As we previously showed [1], in the interictal phase MEPs decreased significantly in size during 5-Hz trains. A significant greater inhibitory response was recorded during the ictal and post-ictal phase. Conversely, in the pre-ictal phase, we observed a facilitatory response to the trains similar to that of normal subjects. No significant differences were recorded between MwA and MwoA patients.
Conclusions
Our results support the hypothesis that in migraine a transient increase in intracortical glutamatergic activity could trigger the migraine attack. Inhibitory homeostatic mechanisms of glutamate release could be involved in the resolution of the migraine attack and in preventing further attacks.
References
Brighina F, Cosentino G, Vigneri S, Talamanca S, Palermo A, Giglia G, Fierro B: Abnormal facilitatory mechanisms in motor cortex of migraine with aura. Eur J Pain 2011, 15(9):928–935. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.03.012
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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Cosentino, G., Paladino, P., Fierro, B. et al. Changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission within the migraine cycle. J Headache Pain 14 (Suppl 1), P126 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-S1-P126
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-S1-P126