Fig. 1

Template for structured headache services supported by educational initiatives, and expected patient flows (as described in [9]: structured headache services are based in primary care and supported by specialist care; educational initiatives are aimed at health-care providers to improve competence at their level, and at the public to promote self-care and effective use of both over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and headache services; pharmacists advise on use of OTC and other drugs, discouraging overuse, and on use of headache services; within these services, everyone with headache should make best use of OTC drugs; about one third of people with headache need professional health care; primary care provides effective management for most of these, while specialist care is reserved for the small proportion who need it)