Table 3 Multivariate analyses of associations with demographic and social status variables

Gender

  male

reference

reference

reference

reference

  female

1.1 [0.9–1.3] p = 0.58

1.0 [0.8–1.2] p = 0.84

2.5 [1.6–4.1] p < 0.001

0.7 [0.4–1.3] p = 0.25

Age (years)

  18–25

reference

reference

reference

reference

  26–35

1.0 [0.7–1.3] p = 0.89

1.0 [0.8–1.3] p = 0.79

1.3 [0.7–2.4] p = 0.35

1.2 [0.6–2.2] p = 0.65

  36–45

1.0 [0.7–1.3] p = 0.92

1.3 [1.0-1.7] p = 0.07

1.5 [0.8–3.1] p = 0.22

0.7 [0.3–1.7] p = 0.39

  46–55

1.0 [0.6–1.5] p = 0.89

0.8 [0.6–1.2] p = 0.32

3.5 [1.6–7.4] p = 0.001

1.3 [0.5–3.6] p = 0.65

  56–65

1.0 [0.6–1.7] p = 0.93

0.9 [0.6–1.4] p = 0.73

2.2 [0.9–5.7] p = 0.10

1.5 [0.5-5.0] p = 0.47

Habitation

  urban

reference

reference

reference

reference

  rural

1.7 [1.3–2.2] p < 0.001

0.8 [0.7-1.0] p = 0.04

1.2 [0.7–1.9] p = 0.57

0.6 [0.3-1.0] p = 0.07

Marital status

  single

reference

reference

reference

reference

  married

1.1 [0.9–1.5] p = 0.30

0.9 [0.7–1.1] p = 0.32

1.2 [0.6–2.3] p = 0.60

0.9 [0.5–1.7] p = 0.72

  widowed, separated or divorced

0.7 [0.4–1.3] p = 0.31

1.4 [0.9–2.2] p = 0.18

1.4 [0.5–3.6] p = 0.55

1.3 [0.4–4.7] p = 0.67

Education level

  none

1.4 [1.0-2.1] p = 0.08

0.6 [0.4–0.8] p < 0.001

0.8 [0.3–1.7] p = 0.49

1.0 [0.4–2.6] p = 0.95

  primary

1.2 [0.8–1.8] p = 0.35

0.8 [0.6–1.1] p = 0.12

0.7 [0.3–1.7] p = 0.47

0.8 [0.3–2.1] p = 0.71

  secondary

1.2 [0.9–1.8] p = 0.22

0.7 [0.6-1.0] p = 0.03

0.5 [0.2-1.0] p = 0.04

0.7 [0.3–1.6] p = 0.38

  college+

reference

reference

reference

reference

Household income (XOF)

  < 10,000

1.2 [0.9–1.6] p = 0.29

1.0 [0.8–1.4] p = 0.82

1.0 [0.5–2.3] p = 0.89

6.1 [1.9–19.0] p = 0.002

  10,000–20,000

1.0 [0.8–1.4] p = 0.77

0.8[0.6–1.1] p = 0.16

1.9 [0.9–3.9] p = 0.08

5.2 [1.7–16.4] p = 0.004

  20,001–50,000

0.9 [0.7–1.3] p = 0.58

0.9 [0.7–1.1] p = 0.36

1.5 [0.7–2.9] p = 0.29

3.7 [1.2–11.7] p = 0.02

  > 50,000

reference

reference

reference

reference