Table 2 Bivariate analyses of associations with demographics and social status variables

Gender

  male (n = 1,231)

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  female (n = 1,169)

1.2 [1.0-1.4] p = 0.12

0.9 [0.8–1.1] p = 0.46

2.5 [1.6–3.8] p < 0.001

0.9 [0.6–1.5] p = 0.78

Age (years)

  18–25 (n = 864)

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  26–35 (n = 786)

1.0 [0.8–1.2] p = 0.67

1.0 [0.8–1.2] p = 0.91

1.4 [0.8–2.5] p = 0.19

0.9 [0.5–1.6] p = 0.81

  36–45 (n = 440)

0.9 [0.7–1.2] p = 0.59

1.2 [1.0-1.5] p = 0.12

1.7 [0.9–3.1] p = 0.10

0.5 [0.2–1.2] p = 0.11

  46–55 (n = 190)

0.9 [0.6–1.3] p = 0.43

0.8 [0.6–1.1] p = 0.21

3.7 [1.9–6.9] p < 0.001

1.0 [0.4–2.5] p = 0.98

  56–65 (n = 120)

0.9 [0.6–1.5] p = 0.82

0.9 [0.6–1.3] p = 0.59

2.5 [1.1–5.7] p = 0.03

1.3 [0.5–3.6] p = 0.55

Habitation

  urban (n = 720)

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  rural (n = 1,680)

1.9 [1.5–2.4] p < 0.001

0.7 [0.6–0.8] p < 0.001

1.1 [0.7–1.8] p = 0.61

0.7 [0.4–1.2] p = 0.22

Marital status

  single (n = 710)

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  married (n = 1,575)

1.2 [1.0-1.5] p = 0.10

0.8 [0.7-1.0] p = 0.04

2.0 [1.2–3.4] p = 0.01

0.7 [0.4–1.1] p = 0.14

  widowed, separated or divorced (n = 115)

0.8 [0.5–1.3] p = 0.42

1.1 [0.8–1.7] p = 0.54

4.3 [2.0-9.5] p < 0.001

1.2 [0.5–3.3] p = 0.66

Education level

  none (n = 691)

2.1 [1.5-3.0] p < 0.001

0.5 [0.4–0.6] p < 0.001

1.6 [0.8–2.9] p = 0.15

1.1 [0.5–2.2] p = 0.85

  primary (n = 473)

1.7 [1.2–2.4] p = 0.004

0.7 [0.5–0.9] p = 0.006

1.2 [0.6–2.3] p = 0.62

1.0 [0.4–2.1] 0.90

  secondary (n = 882)

1.6 [1.2–2.3] p = 0.004

0.7 [0.5–0.8] p = 0.001

0.7 [0.3–1.3] p = 0.21

0.7 [0.3–1.5] 0.40

  college+ (n = 354)

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Household income (XOF)

  < 10,000 (n = 758)

1.4 [1.1–1.9] p = 0.01

0.9 [0.7–1.1] p = 0.21

1.1 [0.6–2.1] p = 0.73

4.8 [1.7–13.8] p = 0.003

  10,000–20,000 (n = 575)

1.3 [1.0-1.7] p = 0.10

0.7 [0.5–0.9] p = 0.003

2.0 [1.1–3.7] 0.03

4.4 [1.5–12.8] p = 0.008

  20,001–50,000 (n = 579)

1.0 [0.8–1.4] p = 0.75

0.8 [0.6-1.0] p = 0.06

1.5 [0.8–2.8] p = 0.23

3.2 [1.1–9.8] p = 0.04

  > 50,000 (n = 488)

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