Table 2 Bivariate analyses of associations between headache types and demographic variables

Gender

 Male (n = 1,407)

reference

reference

reference

reference

 Female (n = 1,693)

1.4 [1.2–1.7] p < 0.001

0.8 [0.7–0.9] p < 0.001

2.2 [1.6–3.1] p < 0.001

1.7 [1.2–2.2] p < 0.001

Age (years)

 18–25 (n = 904)

reference

reference

reference

reference

 26–35 (n = 875)

1.2 [1.0–1.6] p = 0.09

1.0 [0.8–1.2] p = 0.96

1.3 [0.9–2.0] p = 0.17

0.6 [0.4–0.8] p = 0.003

 36–45 (n = 655)

1.3 [1.0–1.7] p = 0.04

0.9 [0.8–1.1] p = 0.49

1.3 [0.8–2.0] p = 0.22

0.6 [0.4–0.9] p = 0.02

 46–55 (n = 413)

1.0 [0.7–1.4] p = 0.85

0.9 [0.7–1.1] p = 0.40

1.9 [1.2–3.0] p = 0.004

0.6 [0.4–1.0] p = 0.06

 56–65 (n = 252)

0.9 [0.6–1.3] p = 0.41

1.2 [0.9–1.6] p = 0.21

1.5 [0.8–2.6] p = 0.18

0.3 [0.2–0.7] p = 0.002

Habitation

 Urban (n = 1,784)

reference

reference

reference

reference

 Rural (n = 1,316)

0.7 [0.6–0.9] p < 0.001

0.6 [0.5–0.7] p < 0.001

2.5 [1.9–3.4] p < 0.001

1.3 [1.0–1.8] p = 0.04

Marital status^a

 Single (n = 1,295)

reference

reference

reference

reference

 Married (n = 1,584)

1.4 [1.2–1.7] p < 0.001

0.9 [0.8–1.0] p = 0.08

0.7 [0.5–0.9] p = 0.02

0.7 [0.5–0.9] p = 0.01

 Widowed, separated or divorced (n = 212)

1.0 [0.7–1.5] p = 0.93

0.8 [0.6–1.1] p = 0.13

2.1 [1.3–3.2] p = 0.001

0.9 [0.5–1.7] p = 0.87

Education level^b

 None (n = 169)

1.7 [1.1–2.6] p = 0.009

0.4 [0.2–0.5] p < 0.001

2.2 [1.3–3.9] p = 0.005

0.9 [0.5–1.7] p = 0.73

 Primary (n = 489)

1.4 [1.0–1.8] p = 0.07

0.5 [0.4–0.6] p =  < 0.001

1.3 [0.8–2.1] p = 0.24

0.8 [0.6–1.4] p = 0.54

 Secondary (n = 1,706)

1.6 [1.2–2.0] p < 0.001

0.8 [0.6–0.9] p = 0.002

1.1 [0.7–1.5] p = 0.74

0.8 [0.6–1.1] p = 0.10

 University/college (n = 721)

reference

reference

reference

reference

Household income (XAF)^c

 < 50,000 (n = 1,758)

0.7 [0.6–0.9] p = 0.01

0.7 [0.6–0.9] p = 0.001

1.8 [1.2–2.8] p = 0.008

2.4 [1.5–3.8] p < 0.001

 50,001–100,000 (n = 619)

1.0 [0.8–1.3] p = 0.98

0.9 [0.7–1.1] p = 0.36

1.3 [0.8–2.2] p = 0.36

1.0 [0.5–1.8] p = 0.99

 > 100,000 (n = 608)

reference

reference

reference

reference