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Fig. 3 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 3

From: Lipopolysaccharide, VE-cadherin, HMGB1, and HIF-1α levels are elevated in the systemic circulation in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache: evidence of leaky gut and inflammation

Fig. 3

Data are shown as whisker-box plots (whisker: full range; line: median; cross: mean). a Serum CGRP was higher in the CM + MOH patients compared to EM patients (p = 0.005) and healthy controls (p = 0.025), b serum VE-cadherin levels were higher in the CM + MOH patients compared to the EM patients (p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (p < 0.002) and (c) serum occludin levels were comparable between the groups (p = 0.47). Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis followed by post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05

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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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