Fig. 4

Mechanosensitive channels in migraine pain and their research stages. As evidenced from our searching results, polymodal, including sensitivity to mechanical forces, TRP channels are the most studied in migraine. The studies have been focused on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM3, TRPM8, TRPC4, TRPC5 subtypes with the best evidence for TRPV1 channels. For these channels, evidence comes from in-vitro and in-vivo studies, with one study on human tissues but includes one failed clinical trial on TRPV1 receptors as the target for migraine medication. For K2P and Piezo channels, their mechanosensitivity in migraine has been proposed for TRESK, TREK1, TREK2, and Piezo1 in both in-vitro and in-vivo animal studies. Instead, ASIC channels, including ASIC1 and ASIC3, and NMDA receptors are at the in-vivo animal migraine models research stage