Fig. 3

Moderate to severe depression and anxiety symptomology (PHQ-9 and GAD-7). Results were adjusted for age, sex, country, insurance type, body mass index category, smoking history, alcohol intake, exercise, and CCI. *P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.01, ^‡P < 0.001 vs ≥ 2 preventive treatment failures group. ^aCriterion for “moderate to severe depression” was PHQ-9 score ≥ 10. ^bCriterion for “moderate to severe anxiety” was GAD-7 score ≥ 10. CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9