Patients with cluster headache show signs of insomnia and sleep related stress: results from an actigraphy and self-assessed sleep study

Table 2 Subjective ratings of sleep, sleepiness, and sleep related stress

Sleep parameter	C	CH	p-value	ECH	p-value	CCH	p-value	Bout	p-value	Rem	p-value
Time in bed (hours)	7.8	8.2	0.004	8.2	0.04	8.3	0.01	8.2	0.05	8.3	0.02
Sleep time (hours)	7.1	7.3	0.4	7.3	0.3	7.1	0.9	7.0	0.7	7.4	0.1
Sleep latency (minutes)^c	14.8	26.1	0.003	20.5	0.08	34.2	<0.001	34.6	<0.001	20.3	0.09
Sleep scores (scale 1-5) ^a
General sleep score	3.8	3.3	<0.001	3.4	0.006	3.1	0.007	3.2	0.008	3.4	0.006
Well-rested after waking up	3.1	2.7	0.001	2.9	0.1	2.3	0.001	2.4	0.002	2.9	0.06
Difficulty falling asleep^c	4.3	3.9	0.002	4.1	0.1	3.5	<0.001	3.5	<0.001	4.1	0.06
Waking up too early^c	4.5	4.1	0.006	4.2	0.02	3.9	0.04	3.9	0.01	4.2	0.04
Disturbed sleep^c	4.1	3.6	0.007	3.8	0.1	3.4	0.004	3.6	0.02	3.7	0.04
Worried/stressed at bedtime^c	4.5	4.2	0.01	4.3	0.2	3.9	0.003	4.1	0.06	4.3	0.03
Difficulty in waking up^c	3.1	2.9	0.2	2.9	0.4	2.9	0.2	2.9	0.1	2.9	0.5
SQI^c,d	4.2	3.7	<0.001	3.9	0.003	3.5	<0.001	3.5	<0.001	3.8	0.001
Sleepiness scores (scale 1-9) ^b
Sleepiness at bedtime	7.0	6.9	0.7	6.9	0.6	6.9	0.8	6.8	0.6	6.9	0.8
Sleepiness at waking up	5.8	6.0	0.6	5.8	0.8	6.2	0.3	6.2	0.3	5.8	0.8

C Control, CH Cluster Headache, ECH Episodic CH, CCH Chronic CH, Bout CH patients in active bout, Rem CH patients in remission
^alower numbers equals to having a worse sleep score
^b1 being “extremely alert” and 9 being “very sleepy/having difficulties to stay awake”
^cMann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data
^dmethod described by Kecklund and Åkerstedt [22]
p-value: p-value when compared to controls, differences between groups were analyzed using student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test

ISSN: 1129-2377