Fig. 1

Experimental process of modeling and behavioral testing. A Flow chart of the experiment. B-D The basal and post-treatment mechanical pain thresholds of the hind paw (B), periorbital area (C) and the thermal pain threshold of the hind paw (D) during the injection of NTG. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM; two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test. E The time in light box and the number of transitions for each group during a total of 10 min. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Independent-sample t test. (n = 9 per group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)