Table 1 Baseline demographic and characteristics of study participants by presence of migraine
Characteristic | Migraine | Control | Standardized difference | Migraine with aura | Control | Standardized difference | Migraine without aura | Control | Standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 40–44 | 1,375 (3.81) | 1,375 (3.81) |  | 155 (5.80) | 155 (5.80) |  | 1,220 (3.65) | 1,220 (3.65) |  | |
 45–49 | 4,401 (12.20) | 4,401 (12.20) |  | 437 (16.38) | 437 (16.38) |  | 3,962 (11.87) | 3,962 (11.87) |  | |
 50–54 | 5,921 (16.42) | 5,921 (16.42) |  | 515 (19.28) | 515 (19.28) |  | 5,405 (16.19) | 5,405 (16.19) |  | |
 55–59 | 6,054 (16.79) | 6,054 (16.79) |  | 447 (16.75) | 447 (16.75) |  | 5,607 (16.80) | 5,607 (16.80) |  | |
 60–64 | 5,503 (15.26) | 5,503 (15.26) |  | 363 (13.61) | 363 (13.61) |  | 5,140 (15.40) | 5,140 (15.40) |  | |
 65–69 | 5,204 (14.43) | 5,204 (14.43) |  | 329 (12.32) | 329 (12.32) |  | 4,875 (14.60) | 4,875 (14.60) |  | |
 70–74 | 4,056 (11.25) | 4,056 (11.25) |  | 247 (9.23) | 247 (9.23) |  | 3,809 (11.41) | 3,809 (11.41) |  | |
 75–79 | 2,337 (6.48) | 2,337 (6.48) |  | 124 (4.64) | 124 (4.64) |  | 2,212 (6.63) | 2,212 (6.63) |  | |
 80–84 | 947 (2.63) | 947 (2.63) |  | 42 (1.59) | 42 (1.59) |  | 904 (2.71) | 904 (2.71) |  | |
 85+ | 260 (0.72) | 260 (0.72) |  | 11 (0.41) | 11 (0.41) |  | 249 (0.74) | 249 (0.74) |  | |
Sex (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 Male | 11,741 (32.56) | 11,741 (32.56) |  | 760 (28.47) | 760 (28.47) |  | 10,979 (32.89) | 10,979 (32.89) |  | |
 Female | 24,317 (67.44) | 24,317 (67.44) |  | 1,910 (71.53) | 1,910 (71.53) |  | 22,403 (67.11) | 22,403 (67.11) |  | |
Income (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 1 (lowest) | 6,632 (18.39) | 6,632 (18.39) |  | 474 (17.74) | 474 (17.74) |  | 6,158 (18.45) | 6,158 (18.45) |  | |
 2 | 5,182 (14.37) | 5,182 (14.37) |  | 405 (15.16) | 405 (15.16) |  | 4,776 (14.31) | 4,776 (14.31) |  | |
 3 | 5,859 (16.25) | 5,859 (16.25) |  | 422 (15.80) | 422 (15.80) |  | 5,437 (16.29) | 5,437 (16.29) |  | |
 4 | 7,587 (21.04) | 7,587 (21.04) |  | 592 (22.15) | 592 (22.15) |  | 6,994 (20.95) | 6,994 (20.95) |  | |
 5 (highest) | 10,797 (29.94) | 10,797 (29.94) |  | 779 (29.15) | 779 (29.15) |  | 10,017 (30.01) | 10,017 (30.01) |  | |
Residential region (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 Urban | 14,123 (39.17) | 14,123 (39.17) |  | 1,041 (38.98) | 1,041 (38.98) |  | 13,080 (39.18) | 13,080 (39.18) |  | |
 Rural | 21,935 (60.83) | 21,935 (60.83) |  | 1,630 (61.02) | 1,630 (61.02) |  | 20,302 (60.82) | 20,302 (60.82) |  | |
Obesitya (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 Underweight | 874 (2.42) | 874 (2.42) |  | 71 (2.64) | 71 (2.64) |  | 803 (2.40) | 803 (2.40) |  | |
 Normal | 13,057 (36.21) | 13,057 (36.21) |  | 1,002 (37.50) | 1,002 (37.50) |  | 12,054 (36.11) | 12,054 (36.11) |  | |
 Overweight | 9,724 (26.97) | 9,724 (26.97) |  | 737 (27.59) | 737 (27.59) |  | 8,986 (26.92) | 8,986 (26.92) |  | |
 Obese I | 11,298 (31.33) | 11,298 (31.33) |  | 783 (29.31) | 783 (29.31) |  | 10,513 (31.49) | 10,513 (31.49) |  | |
 Obese II | 1,105 (3.06) | 1,105 (3.06) |  | 79 (2.95) | 79 (2.95) |  | 1,026 (3.07) | 1,026 (3.07) |  | |
Smoking status (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 Nonsmoker | 29,181 (80.93) | 29,181 (80.93) |  | 2,227 (83.40) | 2,227 (83.40) |  | 26,949 (80.73) | 26,949 (80.73) |  | |
 Past smoker | 3,059 (8.48) | 3,059 (8.48) |  | 188 (7.05) | 188 (7.05) |  | 2,870 (8.60) | 2,870 (8.60) |  | |
 Current smoker | 3,818 (10.59) | 3,818 (10.59) |  | 255 (9.55) | 255 (9.55) |  | 3,562 (10.67) | 3,562 (10.67) |  | |
Drinking habit (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | Â | Â | 0.00 | |
 < 1 time a week | 27,213 (75.47) | 27,213 (75.47) |  | 2,104 (78.80) | 2,104 (78.80) |  | 25,105 (75.21) | 25,105 (75.21) |  | |
 ≥ 1 time a week | 8,844 (24.53) | 8,844 (24.53) |  | 566 (21.20) | 566 (21.20) |  | 8,277 (24.79) | 8,277 (24.79) |  | |
SBP (Mean, SD) | 125.73 (14.85) | 125.73 (7.61) | 0.00 | 124.29 (14.80) | 124.29 (7.57) | 0.00 | 125.85 (14.84) | 125.85 (7.62) | 0.00 | |
DBP (Mean, SD) | 77.69 (9.54) | 77.69 (4.85) | 0.00 | 77.05 (9.68) | 77.05 (4.88) | 0.00 | 77.74 (9.53) | 77.74 (4.84) | 0.00 | |
Fasting blood glucose (Mean, SD) | 98.18 (24.43) | 98.18 (11.21) | 0.00 | 96.33 (22.41) | 96.33 (10.14) | 0.00 | 98.33 (24.57) | 98.33 (11.30) | 0.00 | |
Total cholesterol (Mean, SD) | 200.66 (34.15) | 200.66 (17.06) | 0.00 | 199.96 (34.16) | 199.96 (16.74) | 0.00 | 200.72 (34.15) | 200.72 (17.09) | 0.00 | |
Hemoglobin (Mean, SD) | 13.46 (1.27) | 13.46 (0.65) | 0.00 | 13.38 (1.24) | 13.38 (0.65) | 0.00 | 13.47 (1.28) | 13.47 (0.65) | 0.00 | |
CCI score (Mean, SD) | 0.69 (1.23) | 0.69 (0.65) | 0.00 | 0.65 (1.17) | 0.65 (0.64) | 0.00 | 0.69 (1.23) | 0.69 (0.65) | 0.00 | |
Stroke (n, %) | 3,360 (9.32) | 2,473 (6.86) | 0.09 | 280 (10.4) | 172 (6.43) | 0.15 | 3,079 (9.22) | 2,301 (6.89) | 0.09 | |
Ischemic heart disease (n, %) | 2,363 (6.55) | 1,790 (4.96) | 0.07 | 181 (6.77) | 122 (4.57) | 0.10 | 2,182 (6.54) | 1,669 (5.00) | 0.07 | |
Heart failure (n, %) | 616 (1.71) | 582 (1.62) | 0.01 | 36 (1.34) | 37 (1.38) | 0.00 | 580 (1.74) | 545 (1.63) | 0.01 | |