Fig. 3

Acute LVC and NTG induced migraine-associated signs such as anxiety-like behavior and photophobia. A Acute LVC and NTG administered rat spent less time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. B These rats were also exhibited lower number of transitions from dark to light compartments and C. Spent less time in the light compartment during the experiments of dark–light box. D After LVC or NTG injection animals spent less time in the center zone and E displayed fewer number of entries to this zone in open field arena test (OFA). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s test or Kruskal Wallis test and posthoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (* < 0,05; ** < 0,01; *** < 0,001; **** < 0,0001) (n = 7–8/group)