Table 2 A summary list of studies, in patients with migraine, related to habituation and specifically event-related potential (ERP) component latencies, amplitudes, and peak-to-peak amplitude differences in response to Pattern-Reversal stimulation

Schoenen et al. [19]

27 MwoA

9 MA

16 HC

32

33

At least 1 week after attack

8'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Afra et al. [20]

25 MwoA

15 MA

25 HC

36

30

At least 5 days after attack

8'

3.1 Hz

100 × 15

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Wang et al. [33]

22 MwoA

13 ETH

20 CTH

26 HC

35 ± 10 27 ± 10

28 ± 8

32 ± 12

At least 1 week after attack

8'

3 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in ETH, CTH, and HC

Oelkers et al. [31]

13 MwoA

13 MA

28 HC

29 ± 6

27 ± 4

 ± 3 days before and after attack

0.5 c.p.d

1.0 c.p.d

2.0 c.p.d

4.0 c.p.d

1 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

P1-N2

N.S. in habituation

Sándor et al. [84]

40 MwoA (20 parents and their children)

44 ± 8

17 ± 6

 ± 3 days before and after attack

8'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

N1, P1

Habituation deficit patterns in related migrainous pairs

Áfra et al. [34]

12 MA

10 HC

34 ± 16

28 ± 6

 ± 3 days before and after attack

68'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

N.S. in habituation

Áfra et al. [17]

37 MwoA

22 MA

23 HC

36 ± 11

27 ± 7

 ± 3 days before and after attack

68'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Negative correlation between 1 ^st block amplitude and habituation

Judit et al. [52]

69 MwoA

4 MA

4MwoA + MA

23 HC

34

35

 ± 3 days before and after attack (37 MwoA)

1 day before (8 M)

during (15 M) 1–2 days after attack (32 M)

68'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

Habituation deficit in M interictally, normalization just before and during attack

Sand & Vingen [35]

6 MA

15 MwoA

22 HC

39 ± 9

40 ± 9

Preattack group: headache 24 h after session (8 M)

Interictal: no headache after (13 M)

8'

33'

2 Hz

100 × 2

N70-P1

P1-N145

N.S. in habituation (8' or 33' checks)

No habituation of either M or HC to 33' checks

Bohotin et al. [85]

20 MwoA

10 MA

24 HC

34 ± 10

24 ± 3

 ± 3 days before and after attack

8'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M before rTMS

Normal habituation in HC

Ozkul & Bozlar [57]

44 MwoA

35 MA

40 HC

36 ± 10

34 ± 9

33 ± 8

 ± 3 days before and after attack

68'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Negative correlation between 1 ^st block amplitude and habituation for HC and MwoA

Di Clemente et al. [63]

15 MwoA

15 HC

28 ± 11

24 ± 3

 ± 2 days before and after attack

68'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Coppola et al. [62]

15 MwoA

15 MA

15 HC

31 ± 10

30 ± 10

28 ± 8

 ± 3 days before and after attack

15'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Fumal et al. [86]

6 MwoA

2 MA

8 HC

23 ± 1

23 ± 2

 ± 3 days before and after attack

8'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Magis et al. [87]

24 MwoA

28 MA

32 ± 14

72 h before and after attack)

51′ 33''

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit in M is more marked in patients with no mutation of MTHFR C677T polymorphism compared to homozygous

Lower first block amplitude correlated to greater habituation deficit

Sand et al. [21]

33 MwoA

8 MA

31 HC

37 ± 13

37 ± 16 40 ± 11

Preattack (13 M)

Attack (13 M)

Postattack (10 M)

Interictal (± 72 h before and after attack; all M)

31'

62'

0.95 Hz

50 × 4

N1-P1

P1-N2

N.S. in habituation (62’)

Sand et al. [32]

33 MwoA

8 MA

31 HC

37 ± 13

37 ± 16

40 ± 11

Preattack (13 M)

Interictal (± 72 h before and after attack)

31'

62'

0.95 Hz

50 × 4

N1-P1

P1-N2

N.S. in habituation (62’), neither M or HC habituate

Coppola et al. [88]

18 MwoA

18 HC

31

27

 ± 3 days before and after attack

15'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Coppola et al. [89]

12 MwoA

19 HC

28 ± 6

26 ± 4

 ± 3 days before and after attack

15'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Coppola et al. [90]

17 MwoA

17 HC

29 ± 12 29 ± 11

 ± 3 days before and after attack

15'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Hansen et al. [91]

9 FHM

7 HC

38

(20–63)

29

(28–31)

Headache-free at recording

68'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit in FHM

No habituation in HC

Shibata et al. [69]

12 MwoA

12 MA

12 HC

41

(20–59)

43

(20–60)

42

(20–60)

 ± 72 h before and after attack

0.5 c.p.d

1.0 c.p.d

2.0 c.p.d

4.0 c.p.d

7.5 Hz

20 × 4

Steady-state VEPs

N.S. in habituation, HC did not habituate and M no habituation deficit

Coppola et al. [70]

21 MwoA

22 MA

22 Mict

21 HC

27 ± 7

31 ± 10

34 ± 12

28 ± 8

Interictal: ± 3 days before and after attack

Ictal: ± 12 h before or after

15'

1.55 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in MwoA and MA interictallyNormal habituation in HCand Mict

Omland et al. [71]

15 MwoA

12 MA

34 HC

27 ± 8

31 ± 10

± 48 h before and after attack

8'65'

1.5 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1P1-N2

N.S. in habituation (normal in both groups) 

Vigano et al. [73]

13 MwoA11 HC

29 ± 5

26 ± 6

± 72 h before and after attacK

15 mm side

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1P1-N2

N.S. in habituation (N1-P1)Habituation deficit of P1-N2 in MwoA

Bednar et al. [92]

39 M

36 HC

41 ± 11

(18–62) 37 ± 12

(18–62)

Interictal:

 ± 72 h before and after attack (19 M)

Ictal (10 M)

13'

2 Hz

60 × 5

N75-P1

P1-N145

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M interictally, ictally, and during treatment compared to HC

Omland et al. [74]

25 Mint (14 MwoA, 11MA)

7 Mpreict (3 MwoA, 4 MA)

32 HC

27 ± 8

27 ± 9

30 ± 10

Pre-ictal: < 48 h before attack

Interictal: ± 48 h before and after attack

8'

65'

1.5 Hz

100 × 6

N70-P1

P1-N145

N.S. in hab between HC and Mint

Ambrosini et al. [75]

13 MwoA

15 HC

33 ± 10 (18–55) 30 ± 8

(21–44)

 ± 3 days before and after attack

68'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in MwoA

Normal habituation in HC

Coppola et al. [61]

27 MA

20 MA + 

30 HC

32 ± 9 

33 ± 10

33 ± 13

 ± 3 days before and after attack

15'

1.55 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit (N1-P1) and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Rauschel et al. [76]

41 M

40 HC

30 ± 10

28 ± 8

 ± 48 h before and after attack

51'

3 Hz

75 × 6

N75-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Ambrosini et al. [93]

624 EM

439 MwoA

185 MA

360 HC

(25–37)

 ± 3 days before and after attack

68'

15'

3.1 Hz

50 × 5

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Omland et al. [77]

24 MwoA

15 both MwoA and MA

2 MA

30 HC

39 ± 10

(19–56)

38 ± 11

(21–59)

 ± 2 days before and after attack

16'

1.5 Hz

100 × 6

N70-P1

P1-N145

N.S. in habituation (normal in both groups)

Verroiopoulos et al. [78]

15 MA

23 MwoA

20 HC

39 ± 8

48 ± 12

47 ± 11

 ± 24 h before and after attack

58.8'

1 Hz

200

N80-P1

N.S. in habituation (normal in both groups)

Di Lorenzo et al. [72]

14 MwoA

4 MA

18 HC

39

(19–54)

39

 ± 3 days before and after attack

15'

1.55 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Lisicki et al. [30]

30 M

30 HC

(15 with a first-degree relative with M, and 15 without)

27 ± 7

28 ± 9

25 ± 3

 ± 72 h before and after attack

14'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M and HC with relative with migraine

Normal habituation in HC without first-degree relatives

Ince et al. [94]

52 M

35 HC

36 ± 9

34 ± 10

 ± 3 days before and after attack

NA

3.1 Hz

100 × 10

N1-P1

P1-N2

Habituation deficit in M

Normal habituation in HC

Kalita et al. [80]

65 M

30 HC

34 ± 12

31 ± 8

Phase not controlled, presence of headache noted

12 × 16'

3 Hz

100 × 5

N75, P1

Habituation deficit (N75) M

Normal habituation in HC

Lisicki et al. [95]

25 MwoA

26 ± 6

 ± 72 h before and after attack

14'

3.1 Hz

100 × 6

N1-P1

Preserved habituation in patients that do not perceive stress as a trigger, habituation deficit in rest of patients

Susvirkar et al. [81]

40 M

40 HC

21 ± 0.4

21 ± 0.4

 ± 3 days before and after attack

NA

1 Hz

300 × 4

P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC

Kalita et al. [83]

91 M

25 HC

32 ± 11

33 ± 11

NA

12' × 16'

3 Hz

100 × 5

N75, P1

Habituation deficit and potentiation in M

Normal habituation in HC