Fig. 2

The putative causal effect of mental disorders on localized pain. The results from Mendelian randomization analysis using the IVW approach, weighted median approach or MR-Egger approach (when horizontal pleiotropy exists). Circles and horizontal bars represent the odds ratios and confidence intervals of factor with the risk of pain, respectively. CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse-variance weighted approach; MR, mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio