Fig. 4

Silencing of GlutamateTNC neurons diminished chronic NTG-induced pain- and vestibular- related behaviors, as well as neuronal activation in VN. Post-treatment responses of periorbital (A) and hind paw (B) mechanical, and thermal (C) thresholds among three groups. Balance beam walk (D) and negative geotaxis test (E) among three groups. N = 6 rats/group, each dot represents the average data of one rat. Two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test, *p < 0.05 compared with chronic-NTG + CNO group, **p < 0.005 compared with chronic-NTG + CNO group, ***p < 0.001 compared with chronic-NTG + CNO group. F Representative images showing the co-localization of AAV-CaMKIIα-hM4D-mCherry (red) and C-Fos (green) in VN. The second row in each group showing the magnified view of the first row. Scale bar, 1000 μm, 20 μm