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Fig. 1 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 1

From: Sex-specific metabolic profiling to explain the increased CVD risk in women with migraine: a narrative review

Fig. 1

The activated trigeminovascular system during a migraine attack. When the trigeminovascular system is activated during the headache phase of a migraine attack, the trigeminal afferents, the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) in the brainstem are activated. The involved neurotransmitter is calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). The sex hormone estrodial (E2) influences the CGRP release in the TNC and the trigeminal afferents in humans [8]. Notably, in rodent studies it has been shown that E2 also effects the CGRP release in the TG, which is not specified in this image as this image shows a human model [8]. Copyright: Leiden Headache Center, LUMC, NL

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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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