Fig. 4

Causal connectivity among the ROI-wise CaSCN. A and B characterize the ROI-wise CaSCN, which are generated in the bidirectional signed-path coefficient GC analysis with the 3D brain networks and asymmetric matrix, respectively. C presents the node degree value of each ROI. Abbreviations: L left, R right, GC Granger causality, abbreviations for brain regions are listed in Table 2