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Table 3 Distribution of secondary headache types according to the results of the current study and the reflections of prior studies

From: Cross-sectional, hospital-based analysis of headache types using ICHD-3 criteria in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: the Head-MENAA study

 

The results of current study

The results of some prior studies

The Secondary Headaches (ICHD-3 Criteria)

Total (%)

Türkiye (%)

The Middle East (%)

Asia (%)

Africa (%)

Türkiye(%) [13]

India (%) [53]

Burkina Faso (%) [23]

Iran (%) [8]

Ghana (%) [18]

5.Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck

1.5

1.5

0.9

3.5

1.5

0.09

2.8

7.8

 − 

 − 

6.Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder

3.9

3.8

4

4.9

3.4

3.01

 − 

 − 

2.8

13.7

7.Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

5.7

5.7

7.1

2.1

5.7

1.24

4

5.9

 − 

 − 

8.Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal

10.7

10.4

11.6

12.5

11.1

4.22

1

 − 

 − 

 − 

9.Headache attributed to infection

1.7

1.7

1.3

2.1

0.8

0.1

0.7

2.9

1.8

 − 

10.Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis

4.3

4.4

3.1

4.9

3.4

4.39

 − 

 − 

2

 − 

11.Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure

6.9

7

6.7

7.6

5.7

4.43

4.1

14.7

1.8

 − 

12.Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder

2

2

1.3

2.8

1.1

11.4

 − 

 − 

4

 −