Fig. 3

Shared genetic background of migraine and its comorbid diseases. Genetic relation of migraine and some of its clinically most relevant comorbidities. Dotted arrow: Genetic association or correlation as demonstrated by GWAS or genetic correlation studies. Solid arrow: Causal association of genetic variants as demonstrated by Mendelian randomization studies. +, liability to one disease increases risk for the comorbidity; −, liability to one disease decreases risk for the comorbidity; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CeAD, cervical artery dissection. Created with BioRender.com