| Chronic Headaches nâ=â1260 | No History of Headaches nâ=â10,303 | P Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 15.3âÂħâ1.5 | 15.4âÂħâ1.6 | 0.60 |
Grade Level | 9.23âÂħâ1.60 | 9.08âÂħâ1.65 | 0.002 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
âMale | 762 (60.5) | 6860 (66.6) | <â0.0001 |
âFemale | 498 (39.5) | 3443 (33.4) | <â0.0001 |
Contact Sports | 1019 (80.9) | 7910 (76.8) | 0.001 |
âFootball | 504 (40.0) | 4041 (39.2) | 0.59 |
ââHigher Risk Position | 363 (28.8) | 2255 (21.9) | <â0.0001 |
âââLinesman | 276 (21.9) | 1572 (15.3) | <â0.0001 |
âââWide Receiver | 68 (5.40) | 543 (5.27) | 0.85 |
âââCornerback | 19 (1.51) | 140 (1.35) | 0.67 |
ââLower Risk Position | 134 (10.6) | 951 (9.23) | 0.11 |
âââRunning Back/ Fullback | 58 (4.60) | 440 (4.27) | 0.58 |
âââQuarterback | 38 (3.02) | 239 (2.32) | 0.13 |
âââTight End | 24 (1.90) | 143 (1.39) | 0.15 |
âââSafety | 14 (1.11) | 129 (1.25) | 0.67 |
âSoccer | 176 (14.0) | 1268 (12.3) | 0.09 |
âBasketball | 108 (8.57) | 921 (8.94) | 0.67 |
âLacrosse | 78 (6.19) | 628 (6.10) | 0.89 |
âCheerleading/ Gymnastics | 87 (6.90) | 473 (4.59) | 0.0003 |
 âWrestling/ Boxing/ Martial Arts | 48 (3.81) | 375 (3.64) | 0.76 |
 âWater Polo/ Diving | 18 (1.43) | 204 (1.98) | 0.18 |
Limited Contact Sports | 192 (15.2) | 1620 (15.7) | 0.20 |
âBaseball/ Softball | 76 (6.03) | 735 (7.13) | 0.15 |
âVolleyball | 94 (7.46) | 664 (6.44) | 0.17 |
âTrack and Field | 22 (1.75) | 221 (2.15) | 0.34 |
Years of Experience | 2.26âÂħâ2.54 | 2.11âÂħâ2.53 | 0.04 |
Games Missed | 1.64âÂħâ3.49 | 0.64âÂħâ1.93 | <â0.0001 |
History of Concussions | Â | Â | Â |
â0 | 673 (53.4) | 7070 (68.6) | <â0.0001 |
â1 | 344 (27.3) | 1909 (18.5) | <â0.0001 |
â2+ | 226 (17.9) | 750 (7.28) | <â0.0001 |
Type of Historic Concussion | Â | Â | Â |
âConfusion | 598 (47.5) | 1826 (17.7) | <â0.0001 |
âAnterograde Amnesia | 375 (29.8) | 1130 (11.0) | <â0.0001 |
âRetrograde Amnesia | 280 (22.2) | 836 (8.11) | <â0.0001 |
âLoss of Consciousness | 219 (17.4) | 650 (6.31) | <â0.0001 |
Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
âDepression/ Anxiety | 127 (10.1) | 304 (2.95) | <â0.0001 |
âADHD | 71 (5.63) | 507 (4.92) | 0.27 |
âDLD | 50 (3.97) | 272 (2.64) | 0.007 |
âDyslexia | 37 (2.94) | 189 (1.83) | 0.008 |
âAutism | 11 (0.87) | 33 (0.32) | 0.003 |
âEpilepsy | 34 (2.70) | 94 (0.91) | <â0.0001 |
âSubstance Use Disorder | 12 (0.95) | 13 (0.13) | <â0.0001 |
Special Education | 38 (3.02) | 174 (1.69) | 0.001 |
Speech Therapy | 114 (9.05) | 613 (5.95) | <â0.0001 |
English as Primary Language | 1251 (99.3) | 10,243 (99.3) | 0.57 |
Baseline ImPACT Composite | Â | Â | Â |
âSymptom Score | 10.37âÂħâ13.59 | 5.04âÂħâ8.84 | <â0.0001 |
ââMigraine Cluster | 3.28âÂħâ0.23 | 1.31âÂħâ0.05 | <â0.0001 |
âââHeadache | 1.08âÂħâ0.04 | 0.42âÂħâ0.009 | <â0.0001 |
âââVomiting | 0.09âÂħâ0.01 | 0.04âÂħâ0.003 | <â0.0001 |
âââNausea | 0.20âÂħâ0.02 | 0.09âÂħâ0.005 | <â0.0001 |
âââBalance | 0.24âÂħâ0.02 | 0.10âÂħâ0.005 | <â0.0001 |
âââDizziness | 0.37âÂħâ0.03 | 0.14âÂħâ0.006 | <â0.0001 |
âââSensitivity to Light | 0.43âÂħâ0.03 | 0.16âÂħâ0.006 | <â0.0001 |
âââSensitivity to Noise | 0.31âÂħâ0.02 | 0.11âÂħâ0.005 | <â0.0001 |
âââNumbness | 0.18âÂħâ0.02 | 0.08âÂħâ0.004 | <â0.0001 |
âââVisual | 0.39âÂħâ0.03 | 0.17âÂħâ0.007 | <â0.0001 |
ââCognitive Cluster | 2.78âÂħâ0.18 | 1.49âÂħâ0.04 | <â0.0001 |
âââFatigue | 0.58âÂħâ0.03 | 0.34âÂħâ0.009 | <â0.0001 |
âââDrowsiness | 0.54âÂħâ0.03 | 0.29âÂħâ0.008 | <â0.0001 |
âââSlowed Down | 0.26âÂħâ0.03 | 0.15âÂħâ0.006 | <â0.0001 |
âââFogginess | 0.22âÂħâ0.02 | 0.11âÂħâ0.005 | <â0.0001 |
âââConcentration | 0.71âÂħâ0.04 | 0.38âÂħâ0.009 | <â0.0001 |
âââMemory | 0.46âÂħâ0.03 | 0.22âÂħâ0.007 | <â0.0001 |
ââSleep Cluster | 2.05âÂħâ0.11 | 1.18âÂħâ0.03 | <â0.0001 |
âââTrouble Falling Asleep | 0.77âÂħâ0.04 | 0.44âÂħâ0.01 | <â0.0001 |
âââSleeping More | 0.40âÂħâ0.03 | 0.19âÂħâ0.007 | <â0.0001 |
âââSleeping Less | 0.89âÂħâ0.04 | 0.55âÂħâ0.01 | <â0.0001 |
ââNeuropsychiatric Cluster | 2.03âÂħâ0.13 | 1.10âÂħâ0.03 | <â0.0001 |
âââIrritability | 0.51âÂħâ0.03 | 0.27âÂħâ0.008 | <â0.0001 |
âââNervousness | 0.61âÂħâ0.04 | 0.35âÂħâ0.009 | <â0.0001 |
âââSadness | 0.41âÂħâ0.03 | 0.21âÂħâ0.007 | <â0.0001 |
âââMore Emotional | 0.50âÂħâ0.03 | 0.27âÂħâ0.009 | <â0.0001 |
Verbal Memory | 81.09âÂħâ0.68 | 81.66âÂħâ0.27 | 0.12 |
Visual Memory | 69.38âÂħâ0.87 | 70.73âÂħâ0.35 | 0.004 |
Processing Speed | 34.6âÂħâ0.45 | 33.9âÂħâ0.18 | 0.004 |
Reaction Time | 0.64âÂħâ0.06 | 0.64âÂħâ0.02 | 0.90 |