Fig. 2
From: Trigeminal ganglion itself can be a viable target to manage trigeminal neuralgia
Synaptic connections of the trigeminal ganglion in the orofacial pain pathway. Three peripheral nerve branches (V1: ophthalmic; V2: Maxillary; V3; mandibular) of the trigeminal nerve, whose cell bodies sit in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), convey pain perception from the facial region and radiate centrally towards synapse with the second order neurons in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (Vc). Afterward, the second-order neurons ascend and end in the thalamus. Pain is mediated in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which receives nociceptive input from the thalamus. The maximized view of TG shows the prospects of targeting TG. Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) type 3 channel; Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa); γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor; Satellite glial cells (SGC); VPM: Ventral posteromedial thalamus