Table 2 Comparisons of demographics and clinical characteristics between CM with and without MOH

Gender (female/male)

6 / 22

7 / 24

0.915^a

Age (years)

36.77 ± 16.06

40.67 ± 9.33

0.660^b

BMI (kg/m²)

22.65 ± 2.94

22.99 ± 4.09

0.974^b

Migraine history (years)

13.50 ± 11.76

21.54 ± 11.46

0.021^b

CM history (months)

16.73 ± 19.22

59.75 ± 59.96

< 0.001^b

Headache frequency (d/mo)

22.00 ± 6.67

26.04 ± 5.31

0.033^b

Pain intensity VAS score

6.68 ± 1.67

7.21 ± 1.28

0.306^b

MIDAS score

136.41 ± 61.81

115.88 ± 71.02

0.303^c

HIT-6 score

65.68 ± 6.67

66.17 ± 8.98

0.559^b

PHQ-9 score

11.95 ± 5.74

9.71 ± 6.59

0.226^c

GAD-7 score

9.05 ± 5.58

6.96 ± 5.72

0.222^c

PSQI score

10.14 ± 5.15

9.74 ± 4.60

0.786^c