Fig. 1

Flow schematic of participant recruitment and data analysis. From April 2014 to December 2020, we consecutively enrolled 12, 597 migraine patients in 10 headache or neurological clinics, of which 7643 agreed to participate in the study. A total of 412 cases were excluded (306 did not meet the diagnostic criteria of migraine, and 273 did not have intact clinical data) in the data verification process, and 1626 cases who were diagnosed as probable migraine. Ultimately, 5438 patients were included for analysis