Fig. 3

Hesperidin 100 mg/kg (ip) 30 min before testing did not alter a) the cortical electrical stimulation thresholds, b) the frequency of CSDs triggered by 1 h continuous topical KCl application or c) CSD speed compared to its vehicle DMSO (p = 0.21, p = 0.22 and p = 0.16 respectively). Four week chronic mefenamic acid administration resulted in decreased d) electrical thresholds for CSD (p = 0.0033) and e) increased KCl induced CSD frequency and f) CSD speed (p = 0.0059 and p = 0.0218 respectively) compared to its vehicle 5% DMSO+sesame oil. A single dose of hesperidin further increased CSD susceptibility in chronically mefenamic acid treated rats compared to its vehicle DMSO. g) The electrical thresholds for CSD were significantly lower in the second hemisphere (p = 0.048) and h) CSD frequencies and i) CSD speed were significantly higher (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0012 respectively) in both hemispheres in chronically mefenamic acid treated rats that received a single dose of hesperidin on day 28 compared to its vehicle DMSO. Vertical axis of CSD threshold is in log scale. *p < 0.05 vs. controls