Fig. 2

The effect of recurrent IS infusion on mechanical thresholds, immunofluorescent staining, and protein levels of GFAP in the TNC. A, B Mechanical thresholds in the periorbital and hind paw plantar regions of mice were assessed in the IS-47 group and CON group. Independent samples t test. n = 8/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus CON. C The box plot presents the mean area fraction covered by GFAP-immunoreactive staining in the TNC of different groups (IS-20, IS-22, IS-26, IS-33, IS-40, IS-47, CON). One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test post hoc analysis. n = 4/group, ** < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus CON. D Representative images of GFAP-immunoreactive staining in the TNC of different groups. The white box was enlarged to the zoom image (the last one). Scale bar = 100 μm. Green: GFAP. Blue: DAPI. E Representative images of Western blot results for GFAP in the TNC of different groups. F The box plot presents the quantitative analysis of GFAP. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test post hoc analysis. n = 4/group, *p < 0.05 versus CON, **p < 0.01 versus CON