Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2

Table 3 Parameter estimates in multivariable analysis of factors associated with peripheral levels of NGF, BDNF, PGE2, and VEGF

Characteristic	Coefficient	P-value	95% CI for coefficient
Characteristic	Coefficient	P-value	Lower bound	Upper Bound
NGF model: EM diagnosis (vs. control)	-31.360	0.003	-51.683	-11.038
NGF model: EM diagnosis (vs. CM)	-17.148	0.042	-33.618	-0.678
NGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. control)	-12.994	0.156	-31.052	5.064
BDNF model: EM diagnosis (vs. control)	-0.583	<0.001	-0.715	-0.450
BDNF model: CM diagnosis (vs. control)	-0.572	<0.001	-0.690	-0.454
BDNF model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM)	0.017	0.715	-0.077	0.111
PGE2 model: EM diagnosis (vs. control)	-29.284	0.011	-51.781	-6.788
PGE2 model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM)	15.324	0.086	-2.251	32.899
PGE2 model: CM diagnosis (vs. control)	-14.163	0.163	-34.152	5.827
VEGF model: EM diagnosis (vs. control)	258.626	<0.001	168.119	349.132
VEGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. control)	261.613	<0.001	181.191	342.035
VEGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM)	13.837	0.859	-141.643	169.318
Sensitivity NGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM)	18.855	0.017	3.455	34.256

*Quantile regression (quantile= 0.5 [median]). All models adjusted for age (continuous), sex (binary), and BMI (continuous). EM/CM/control diagnosis as categorical variable
**NGF: nerve growth factor; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CI: confidence interval; EM: episodic migraine; CM: chronic migraine
*** Sensitivity model also adjusted for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage (binary) and beta blocker drug usage (binary)

ISSN: 1129-2377