Coronavirus disease-19 and headache; impact on pre-existing and characteristics of de novo: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Characteristics of Post COVID-19 headache changes in relation to age, gender COVID-19 severity and baseline Headache frequency and severity

Variables	Migraine (post- infection)				TTH (post- infection)
Variables	N/% (N = 78)	frequency	Analgesic use	severity	N/% (N = 11)	frequency	Analgesic use	severity
Age range:
• ≤40 years	60/76.9	9.19 ± 7.56	3.03 ± 2.14	7.50 ± 2.34	8/72.7	14.26 ± 7.78	3.27 ± 2.28	7.60 ± 1.39
• > 40 years	18/23.1	7.08 ± 7.17	3.08 ± 1.99	7.24 ± 2.31	3/27.3	5.0 ± 2.64	3.06 ± 2.43	3.66 ± 3.05
P		0.224	0.928	0.118		0.063	0.428	0.002*
Gender:
• Male	11/14.1	6.33 ± 6.97	2.42 ± 2.04	5.91 ± 3.05	2/18.2	11.75 ± 7.67	0	5.5 ± 2.08
• Female	67/85.9	8.91 ± 7.18	3.97 ± 2.60	7.67 ± 2.15	9/81.8	13.0 ± 8.30	3.93 ± 2.01	7.49 ± 2.17
P		0.250	0.078	0.016*		0.791	0.002*	0.134
COVID-19 infection severity:
• Mild	68/87.2	8.77 ± 7.38	3.01 ± 2.06	7.50 ± 2.28	10/90.9	12.58 ± 8.18	3.24 ± 2.38	6.94 ± 2.30
• Moderate	10/12.8	7.09 ± 5.57	3.27 ± 2.37	6.90 ± 2.91	1/9.1	15.0 ± 0	0	8.0 ± 0
P		0.472	0.511	0.771		0.778	0.206	0.661
Pre-infection headache frequency
• < 5 days	38/48.7	5.22 ± 4.79	2.48 ± 1.98	7.40 ± 2.35	5/45.5	12.75 ± 8.15	2.63 ± 2.56	7.5 ± 1.6
• ≥5 days	40/51.2	11.51 ± 7.67	3.56 ± 2.07	7.44 ± 2.36	6/54.5	12.7 ± 7.20	3.4 ± 2.41	6.6 ± 2.67
P		< 0.0001*	0.017*	0.935		0.990	0.519	0.415
Pre-infection headache severity
• Mild	8/10.3	5.55 ± 6.12	3.11 ± 2.57	5.88 ± 3.17	2/18.2	10.0 ± 3.55	2.5 ± 2.88	5.75 ± 3.59
• Moderate	30/38.5	10.03 ± 8.03	3.26 ± 2.16	7.0 ± 2.19	8/72.7	12.45 ± 7.36	3.0 ± 2.32	7.18 ± 1.72
• Severe	40/51.2	8.13 ± 6.62	2.89 ± 1.98	8.02 ± 2.13	1/9.1	17.33 ± 14.18	4.0 ± 3.0	8.0 ± 2.0
P		0.22	0.752	0.001*		0.503	0.742	0.411

*=P < 0.05 Paired sample t-test, COVID-19 Coronavirus disease-19, N number, TTH tension type headache

ISSN: 1129-2377