Fig. 5

Activation of GLP-1R reduced the c-fos protein level and the immunoreactive cells in the TNC in CM mice. a, b Western blots showing the changes in c-fos protein expression in the TNC following liraglutide and exendin(9–39) administration. The band intensities are presented as the percent (%) change relative to the sham group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 6/group; **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. sham group; ^##p < 0.01 vs. CM group. c, d Representative immunofluorescence images of c-fos in the TNC and the quantitative analysis of c-fos immunoreactive (ir) cells. Arrowheads indicate colocalization of c-fos-ir cells and DAPI. The results suggested that liraglutide reduced c-fos-ir cells in the TNC in CM mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 4/group; six sections from each mouse; **p < 0.01 vs. sham group; ^#p < 0.05 vs. CM group. Scale bars: 50 μm