Fig. 4

Activation of GLP-1R reduced the upregulation of CGRP expression in the TNC in CM mice. a, b Western blots showing the alteration of CGRP protein levels in the TNC treated with liraglutide and exendin(9–39). The band intensities are presented as the percent (%) change relative to the sham group. Values are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 6/group; *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 vs. sham group; ^##p < 0.01 vs. CM group. c, d Representative immunofluorescence staining images of CGRP in the TNC (c) and the quantitative analysis of CGRP immunoreactivity (d). The results showed that liraglutide inhibited NTG-induced CGRP immunoreactivity, which was consistent with the western blot assessment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 4/group; six sections from each mouse; ***p < 0.001 vs. sham group; ^###p < 0.001 vs. CM group. Scale bars: 100 μm