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Table 3 Headache symptoms

From: Mild traumatic brain injury affects the features of migraine

 

Total

 

mTBI group

non-TBI group

P-valuea

Gender, age, CM controlled P-valued

Number

1054

(%)

413

(%)

641

(%)

  

Diagnoses

 MwA

288

(27.3%)

115

(27.8%)

173

(27.0%)

0.761b

0.588

 CM

729

(69.2%)

307

(74.3%)

422

(65.8%)

0.004b

–

 MOH

66

(6.3%)

28

(6.8%)

38

(5.9%)

0.578b

0.803

Nausea

 Always

152

(14.4%)

65

(15.7%)

87

(13.6%)

0.159b

0.081

 Half the time or more

351

(33.3%)

142

(34.4%)

209

(32.6%)

  

 Less than half the time

269

(25.5%)

113

(27.4%)

156

(24.3%)

  

 Rarely

237

(22.5%)

79

(19.1%)

158

(24.6%)

  

 Never

45

(4.3%)

14

(3.4%)

31

(4.8%)

  

 Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

  

Vomiting

 Always

8

(0.8%)

4

(1.0%)

4

(0.6%)

0.445b

0.272

 Half the time or more

66

(6.3%)

29

(7.0%)

37

(5.8%)

  

 Less than half the time

167

(15.8%)

74

(17.9%)

93

(14.5%)

  

 Rarely

437

(41.5%)

166

(40.2%)

271

(42.3%)

  

 Never

376

(35.7%)

140

(33.9%)

236

(36.8%)

  

 Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

  

Dizziness: Nonvertigo (The feeling of unsteadiness, lightheadedness, motion sickness)

 Always

136

(12.9%)

63

(15.3%)

73

(11.4%)

0.006b

0.003

 Half the time or more

296

(28.1%)

130

(31.5%)

166

(25.9%)

  

 Less than half the time

264

(25.0%)

104

(25.2%)

160

(25.0%)

  

 Rarely

237

(22.5%)

83

(20.1%)

154

(24.0%)

  

 Never

121

(11.5%)

33

(8.0%)

88

(13.7%)

  

 Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

  

Vertigo/Dizziness (The feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning; an illusion of movement)

 Always

47

(4.5%)

22

(5.3%)

25

(3.9%)

0.010b

0.009

 Half the time or more

150

(14.2%)

73

(17.7%)

77

(12.0%)

  

 Less than half the time

205

(19.5%)

89

(21.5%)

116

(18.1%)

  

 Rarely

348

(33.0%)

127

(30.8%)

221

(34.5%)

  

 Never

303

(28.8%)

102

(24.7%)

201

(31.4%)

  

 Missing

1

–

0

–

1

–

  

Sensitivity to light

 Always

480

(45.6%)

204

(49.4%)

276

(43.1%)

0.096b

0.090

 Half the time or more

308

(29.2%)

123

(29.8%)

185

(28.9%)

  

 Less than half the time

130

(12.3%)

45

(10.9%)

85

(13.3%)

  

 Rarely

107

(10.2%)

32

(7.7%)

75

(11.7%)

  

 Never

28

(2.7%)

9

(2.2%)

19

(3.0%)

  

 Missing

1

–

0

–

1

–

  

Sensitivity to noise

 Always

444

(42.2%)

186

(45.1%)

258

(40.3%)

0.433b

0.402

 Half the time or more

304

(28.9%)

116

(28.2%)

188

(29.4%)

  

 Less than half the time

147

(14.0%)

53

(12.9%)

94

(14.7%)

  

 Rarely

116

(11.0%)

45

(10.9%)

71

(11.1%)

  

 Never

41

(3.9%)

12

(2.9%)

29

(4.5%)

  

 Missing

2

–

1

–

1

–

  

Sensitivity to smell

 Always

281

(26.8%)

123

(29.9%)

158

(24.8%)

0.415b

0.350

 Half the time or more

232

(22.1%)

88

(21.4%)

144

(22.6%)

  

 Less than half the time

156

14.9%)

61

(14.8%)

95

(14.9%)

  

 Rarely

191

(18.2%)

73

(17.7%)

118

(18.5%)

  

 Never

190

(18.1%)

67

(16.3%)

123

(19.3%)

  

 Missing

4

–

1

–

3

–

  

Allodynia Score (Allodynia Symptom Checklist)

 Mean (SD)

5.1

±4.8

5.8

±5.1

4.6

±4.5

< 0.001c

< 0.001

 Median (IQR)

4

(1–8)

5

(1–9)

4

(1–7)

  

 Missing

120

–

42

–

78

–

  

Difficulty finding words, expressing yourself verbally or in writing, or fully understanding what others are saying

 Always

125

(12.0%)

61

(15.1%)

64

(10.1%)

< 0.001b

< 0.001

 Half the time or more

257

(24.8%)

113

(27.9%)

144

(22.7%)

  

 Less than half the time

216

(20.8%)

86

(21.2%)

130

(20.5%)

  

 Rarely

210

(20.2%)

82

(20.2%)

128

(20.2%)

  

 Never

230

(22.2%)

63

(15.6%)

167

(26.4%)

  

 Missing

16

–

8

–

8

–

  

Subjective Cognitive Impairment (Mig-SCog)

 Mean (SD)

8.1

±4.8

8.9

± 4.9

7.5

± 4.7

< 0.001c

< 0.001

 Median (IQR)

8

(4–12)

9

(5–13)

7

(4–11)

  

 Missing

35

 

20

 

15

   
  1. aBolded text indicates significant difference. bChi-square test. cMann-Whitney test (p-value of Shapiro-Wilk test was < 0.05). dLogistic regression model was performed with controlling for age, gender, and chronic migraine. CM Chronic migraine, MwA migraine with aura, MOH medication-overuse headache, mTBI mild traumatic brain injury, SD significant difference, IQR interquartile range, Mig-SCog Subjective cognitive impairment during migraine attacks
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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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