Clinical, psychological, and sensory characteristics associated with headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder in people with chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorder and primary headaches

Table 3 Multivariable lasso regression model of characteristics distinguishing between presence versus absence of HATMD

Predictor	Penalized coefficient^a	Inferential OR (95% CL)^b
Monthly headache frequency in the last 3 months	0.311	1.49 (1.02, 2.17)
Familiar masticatory muscle pain responses on examination	0.242	2.98 (1.58, 5.62)
Systolic blood pressure	−0.141	n/a
HIT-6 score	0.130	n/a
CSQ-R coping self-statements	−0.119	n/a
Diastolic blood pressure	−0.097	n/a
Time since headache onset	−0.067	n/a
Familiar TMJ pain responses on examination	0.063	n/a
Maximum unassisted jaw opening	−0.059	n/a
Migraine (headache type)	0.057	n/a
Pain-free jaw opening	−0.012	n/a
CSQ-R ignoring pain	−0.004	n/a

Abbreviations: CSQ-R Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised, HIT-6 Headache Impact Test-6, TMD Temporomandibular disorder, TMJ Temporomandibular joint
^a Penalized coefficients are non-zero values from the Stata “lasso logit” command that used 42 potential predictors variables. (Variables not listed have coefficients of zero.)
^b Odds ratios are from the Stata “dslogit” command that specified two a priori predictor variables (monthly headache frequency in the last 3 months and familiar muscle pain responses on examination) with the remaining 40 potential predictors as control variables. The command uses a double-selection process for inference yielding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence limits (CLs) for the two a priori variables

ISSN: 1129-2377