Fig. 9
Effect of ANA-12 on NTG-induced migraine-related behavioural and neurochemical changes. Mice were treated daily with vehicle (VEH) or ANA-12 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 11 days. a, b Mechanical and thermal sensitivity were assessed in different groups. p < 0.01 for drug, time, and interaction. Two-way RM ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. n = 10/group. *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus VEH-VEH group. ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus NTG-VEH group. (c) Mean area covered by CGRP-immunoreactive fibres in different groups. n = 7/group, ***p < 0.001 versus VEH. d Representative photos of CGRP-immunoreactive staining in the TNC of the VEH, NTG and NTG + 5-BDBD groups under a 10 × objective lens (upper row, scale bar = 200 μm) or 20 × objective lens (lower row, scale bar = 20 μm). The white box was enlarged. e Representative Western blot results for P2X4, p38, p-p38, BDNF and p-ERK in the different groups. f-j The histogram presents the quantitative analysis of P2X4 (f), p38 (g), p-p38(h), p-ERK (i) and BDNF (j) in the TNC. n = 6–8/group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus VEH-VEH, ##p < 0.01 versus NTG-VEH