Fig. 3

Effect of 5-BDBD on NTG-induced migraine-related behavioural and neurochemical changes. NTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline was injected every other day from day 3 to day 11. Mice were treated daily with vehicle (VEH) or 5-BDBD (28 mg/kg, i.p.) for 11 days. a, b Mechanical and thermal sensitivity were assessed in different groups. p < 0.01 for drug, time, and interaction. Two-way RM ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. n = 10/group. ***p < 0.001 versus VEH-VEH group. ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus NTG-VEH group. c Representative photos of CGRP-immunoreactive staining in the TNC of the VEH, NTG and NTG + 5-BDBD groups under a 10 × objective lens (the upper row, scale bar = 200 μm) or 20 × objective lens (the lower row, scale bar = 20 μm). The white box was enlarged. d Mean area covered by CGRP-immunoreactive fibres in different groups. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. n = 8/group, ***p < 0.001 versus VEH, ###p < 0.001 versus NTG. e, f Representative Western blot results for p-ERK in different groups. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. n = 8/group, ***p < 0.001 versus VEH-VEH, ###p < 0.001 versus NTG-VEH