Table 5 Efficacy of preventive therapies in migraine and cluster headache

Verapamil

Effective [242]

Effective in high-dose (360 up to 960 mg)

Litihum

No large RCTs; ineffective in small trials; efficacy clues in “cyclic migraine” [169]

Effective [166]

Steriods

Reduced recurrence of attacks in patients coming to emergency department [171]

Effective (usual dosage ≥40 mg)

Antiepileptic drugs

Effective

Efficacy clues in open uncontrolled studies, not confirmed by RCTs.

GON blockade

Effective in chronic migraine [173]

Effective [172, 243]

Melatonin

3 mg per day are effective [186]

10 mg per day are effective [185]