Table 9 Studies of SPG block for musculoskeletal pain
From: Sphenopalatine ganglion: block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation - a systematic review
Musculoskeletal pain | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Year | Medical problems | Approach | Imaging | Medication | Number of cases | Study design | Outcome |
Amster et al. [28] | 1948 | Lumbosacral and sacroiliac pain | Cotton tipped applicator, transnasal approach | None | Nupercaine, pontocaine, monocaine | 61 | Case series | Relief of pain and spasm in 90% of cases |
Ruskin et al. [29] | 1946 | Lumbo-sacral spasm | Unknown | None | Cocaine, novocaine or nupercaine | 36 | Case series | Pain partially or completely relieved with SPGB and intramuscular injections of ironyl and calcium ascorbate |
Berger et al. [32] | 1986 | Low back pain | Cotton tip applicator and transnasal needle | None | Cocaine or lidocaine | 7 cases with cocaine, 7 cases with lidocaine, 7 controls | Case-control | No statistical significance between cases and controls |
Scudds et al. [3] | 1995 | Chronic muscle pain syndrome | Cotton tipped applicator, transnasal approach | None | 4% lidocaine | 42 with fibromyalgia, 19 with myofascial pain syndrome | Double-blind randomized controlled | No statistical significance between 4% lidocaine and placebo |
Janzen et al. [30] | 1997 | Myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia | Nasal spray | None | 4% lidocaine | 42 with fibromyalgia, 19 with myofascial pain syndrome | Double-blind, placebo-controlled | No statistical significance between 4% lidocaine and placebo |
Ferrante et al. [31] | 1998 | Myofascial pain syndrome of the head, neck and shoulders | NA | None | 4% lidocaine | 13 cases, 7 controls | Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design | No statistical significance |