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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients

From: Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

Case

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Mean (±SD)

Age at presentation

60

58

62

68

71

73

63

74

66.1 (6.2)

Mean pain severity (0–10)

7

8

7

9

8

6

7

9

7.6 (1.2)

Disease duration since first symptom (years)

3.5

2

3

5

4

5.5

6.5

5

4.3 (1.4)

Pain location in tongue

Bil.

Un.

Bil.

Un.

Bil.

Bil.

Un.

Bil.

 

Pain location in additional oral mucosa

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

 

Pain duration per day in hours

>8

>6

>6

3–8

2–4

4–8

>6

>10

>2

Pain during night

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

Mouth dryness

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

 

Altered taste

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

 

Oral dysaesthesia

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

Facial dysaesthesia

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

 

Follow-up (months)

27

16

37

48

52

34

26

43

35.4 (12.1)

Number of previous treatments

3

4

5

4

6

4

8

5

4.9 (1.5)

Comorbidity

HY, HT

OB, HY

DP, OB

HY, PD, DP

HT, DP

CH, CHD

HT, DP, PD

DP, HY

History or concomitant primary headache

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

HAM-A

17

16

20

17

24

28

24

22

21 (4.2)

HAM-D

21

24

25

25

30

29

28

27

26.1 (2.9)

Taste tests

Abnormal/Bi

Normal

Abnormal/Bi

Normal

Abnormal/Bi

Abnormal/Bi

Normal

Abnormal/Bi

 
  1. Bil. Bilateral, Un. Unilateral, HY Hypertension, HT Hypothyroidism, OB Obesity, DP Depression, PD Parkinson Disease, CHD Coronary Heart Disease, HAM-A Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, HAM-D Hamilton rating scale for Depression. Number of previous treatments refers to drugs the patients had given for Burning Mouth Syndrome specifically and not for any other comorbid condition