Fig. 7

Number of Iba-1 positive cells in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) ophthalmic V1 region single and repetitive mild closed head injury (CHI and RCHI), ***p < 0.001 compared to control. Microglial Iba-1 immunoreactivity (a-h) and β-amyloid precursor protein (i, j) in the TNC. Iba-1 immunoreactivity for incision control (a), CHI (b) and RCHI (c) rats. Arrows indicate microglia cells coupling or aggregating in the CHI brain, although an increase in the number of microglia cells was not significantly different compared to control during cell counting. Representative images used for cell counting of Iba-1 (green) merged with DAPI nuclear stain (blue) (d). Only cells colabeled with Iba-1 and DAPI were counted. Low power (10×) images and high power (40×) images showing the V1 TNC regions for controls (c, e, g) and RCHI (f, h). High power images show microglia for a control rat with thin processes (g) and Iba-1 positive microglia in the RCHI TNC with thickened, retracted processes and cell proliferation (h). β-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity is shown for control (i) and RCHI (j) rat TNC. RCHI was induced on 3 consecutive days. Scale bars a-f and i-j = 50 μm, G-H = 10 μm, E-F = 100 μm