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Fig. 6 | The Journal of Headache and Pain

Fig. 6

From: Frequent mild head injury promotes trigeminal sensitivity concomitant with microglial proliferation, astrocytosis, and increased neuropeptide levels in the trigeminal pain system

Fig. 6

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (ophthalmic V1 region) and S1 barrel cortex. GFAP staining was performed at week one after incision (a), mild closed head injury (CHI) (b), or repetitive CHI (RCHI) (c). GFAP immunoreactivity in the barrel cortex at week one after control (d), CHI (e) or RCHI (f). GFAP positive astrocytes expressing low levels of GFAP with thin processes in the cortex of controls are indicated by arrow heads (d), while reactive astrocytes with increased GFAP immunoreactivity showing thickened or hypertrophied processes in the RCHI cortex are indicated by white arrows (f), scale bar = 50 μm. Western blot GFAP expression (g) and GFAP expression quantification for the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex of CHI (n = 4), and RCHI (n = 6) rats compared to control (n = 4), p < 0.001 (h). RCHI was induced on 3 consecutive days

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The Journal of Headache and Pain

ISSN: 1129-2377

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