Table 3 Relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of migraine interventions produced by NMA

Migraine Headache Days

Placebo

Placebo

1.20 (0.70, 1.83)

0.98 (0.07, 1.86)

-

1.09 (−0.89, 3.13)

1.28 (0.27, 2.44)

-

Topiramate

−1.20 (−1.83, −0.70)

Topiramate

−0.22 (−1.30, 0.67)

-

−0.10 (−2.03, 1.81)

0.09 (−1.16, 1.31)

-

Propranolol

−0.98 (−1.86, −0.07)

0.22 (−0.67, 1.30)

Propranolol

-

0.13 (−2.02, 2.33)

0.31 (−1.05, 1.83)

-

Gabapentin

-

-

-

Gabapentin

-

-

-

Amitriptyline

−1.09 (−3.13, 0.89)

0.10 (−1.81, 2.03)

−0.13 (−2.33, 2.02)

-

Amitriptyline

0.21 (−2.08, 2.53)

-

Divalproex

−1.28 (−2.44, −0.27)

−0.09 (−1.31, 1.16)

−0.31 (−1.83, 1.05)

-

−0.21 (−2.53, 2.08)

Divalproex

-

Valproate

-

-

-

-

-

-

Valproate

 ≥50% Reduction in Migraine Headache Attacks

Placebo

Placebo

1.17 (0.35, 1.98)

1.37 (0.29, 2.49)

1.20 (−0.87, 3.28)

-

0.60 (−1.18, 2.42)

0.84 (−0.81, 2.48)

Topiramate

4.28 (1.35, 14.70)

Topiramate

0.21 (−0.88, 1.33)

0.05 (−2.20, 2.28)

-

−0.56 (−2.53, 1.39)

−0.32 (−1.76, 1.10)

Propranolol

1.65 (0.25, 11.29)

0.38 (0.04, 3.70)

Propranolol

−0.17 (−2.45, 2.15)

-

−0.76 (−2.90, 1.32)

−0.53 (−2.33, 1.23)

Gabapentin

1.59 (0.41, 6.93)

0.37 (0.06, 2.43)

0.96 (0.10, 10.96)

Gabapentin

-

−0.61 (−3.39, 2.12)

−0.36 (−3.01, 2.38)

Amitriptyline

-

-

-

-

Amitriptyline

-

-

Divalproex

2.63 (0.91, 8.79)

0.62 (0.12, 3.11)

1.58 (0.18, 14.74)

1.67 (0.26, 9.65)

-

Divalproex

0.24 (−2.21, 2.67)

Valproate

11.38 (1.31, 111.11)

2.66 (0.22, 32.35)

7.00 (0.37, 128.51)

7.19 (0.51, 94.89)

-

4.30 (0.38, 52.31)

Valproate

 Nausea

Placebo

Placebo

2.44 (1.55, 3.88)

1.09 (0.47, 2.54)

1.66 (0.70, 4.01)

4.66 (1.74, 12.93)

1.13 (0.51, 2.57)

-

Topiramate

1.37 (0.99, 1.94)

Topiramate

0.45 (0.18, 1.07)

0.69 (0.25, 1.89)

1.92 (0.72, 5.20)

0.46 (0.19, 1.15)

-

Propranolol

1.13 (0.56, 2.24)

0.81 (0.44, 1.59)

Propranolol

1.53 (0.45, 5.26)

4.29 (1.24, 15.39)

1.04 (0.39, 2.75)

-

Gabapentin

0.91 (0.47, 1.86)

0.67 (0.32, 1.43)

0.82 (0.32, 2.06)

Gabapentin

2.80 (0.75, 10.80)

0.68 (0.20, 2.19)

-

Amitriptyline

0.80 (0.32, 1.84)

0.58 (0.24, 1.37)

0.71 (0.23, 1.89)

0.85 (0.27, 2.50)

Amitriptyline

0.24 (0.07, 0.85)

-

Divalproex

3.04 (1.72, 6.47)

2.24 (1.13, 4.93)

2.79 (1.19, 6.48)

3.31 (1.31, 9.25)

3.83 (1.40, 12.81)

Divalproex

-

Valproate

2.05 (0.75, 5.65)

1.53 (0.54, 4.07)

1.88 (0.53, 5.59)

2.27 (0.55, 7.43)

2.63 (0.63, 10.29)

0.67 (0.20, 2.32)

Valproate

 Dizziness

Placebo

Placebo

1.36 (0.48, 3.76)

2.68 (0.39, 21.57)

2.68 (0.55, 14.14)

2.20 (0.20, 23.60)

2.95 (0.55, 13.06)

2.16 (0.25, 17.88)

Topiramate

1.17 (0.48, 2.71)

Topiramate

1.98 (0.31, 15.33)

1.96 (0.32, 14.39)

1.58 (0.19, 14.47)

2.18 (0.31, 13.03)

1.56 (0.24, 10.53)

Propranolol

1.40 (0.11, 17.00)

1.20 (0.09, 17.20)

Propranolol

1.01 (0.07, 12.38)

0.81 (0.04, 13.07)

1.09 (0.07, 10.90)

0.80 (0.04, 10.81)

Gabapentin

3.69 (1.17, 9.63)

3.21 (0.74, 11.22)

2.64 (0.19, 35.35)

Gabapentin

0.83 (0.04, 12.96)

1.12 (0.10, 8.96)

0.80 (0.05, 11.62)

Amitriptyline

1.63 (0.46, 6.07)

1.40 (0.44, 5.06)

1.17 (0.08, 18.83)

0.44 (0.10, 2.67)

Amitriptyline

1.43 (0.07, 20.34)

0.97 (0.05, 15.68)

Divalproex

1.37 (0.05, 34.88)

1.18 (0.04, 35.19)

0.94 (0.11, 9.66)

0.38 (0.01, 11.64)

0.84 (0.02, 27.74)

Divalproex

0.73 (0.06, 10.84)

Valproate

0.44 (0.04, 2.98)

0.37 (0.03, 3.27)

0.30 (0.01, 7.28)

0.12 (0.01, 1.13)

0.26 (0.02, 2.72)

0.29 (0.01, 15.46)

Valproate

 Withdrawal due to AEs

Placebo

Placebo

1.10 (0.95, 1.38)

0.81 (0.63, 1.29)

1.17 (0.80, 2.08)

1.19 (0.68, 2.14)

1.68 (1.14, 3.67)

1.29 (0.48, 2.68)

Topiramate

2.33 (1.55, 3.45)

Topiramate

0.71 (0.54, 1.15)

1.04 (0.67, 1.87)

1.09 (0.60, 1.82)

1.48 (0.96, 3.36)

1.14 (0.42, 2.46)

Propranolol

1.51 (0.78, 2.94)

0.64 (0.32, 1.34)

Propranolol

1.54 (0.78, 2.63)

1.56 (0.68, 2.56)

2.09 (1.11, 4.52)

1.51 (0.49, 3.69)

Gabapentin

1.81 (0.71, 4.58)

0.78 (0.28, 2.18)

1.21 (0.38, 3.72)

Gabapentin

1.03 (0.43, 1.95)

1.34 (0.74, 3.37)

1.02 (0.33, 2.38)

Amitriptyline

2.69 (0.93, 7.57)

1.16 (0.43, 3.12)

1.80 (0.51, 5.84)

1.49 (0.35, 5.96)

Amitriptyline

1.32 (0.74, 3.73)

1.08 (0.35, 2.33)

Divalproex

2.25 (1.01, 5.49)

0.96 (0.41, 2.57)

1.50 (0.57, 4.26)

1.25 (0.38, 4.49)

0.83 (0.24, 3.40)

Divalproex

0.68 (0.22, 1.83)

Valproate

2.20 (0.68, 6.92)

0.96 (0.30, 2.97)

1.50 (0.39, 5.28)

1.25 (0.26, 5.38)

0.85 (0.17, 3.58)

0.99 (0.23, 4.28)

Valproate