Table 2 Prevalence of medication use for episodic migraine in Europe (column 2) and the applied adjustment factors in calculating MOH prevalence and risk ratios (columns 3–6)
From: Risk of medication overuse headache across classes of treatments for acute migraine
Country/Region | Drug class (Prevalence, %) | Analgesics | Ergotamines | Opioids | Triptans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark [41] | Analgesics (NA) | -- | NA | NA | NA |
Ergotamines (NA) | NA | -- | NA | NA | |
Opioids (2.0) | NA | NA | -- | 1:13 (0.08) | |
Triptans (26.0) | NA | NA | 13:1 (13.0) | -- | |
Analgesics (12.0) | -- | 4:1 (4.00) | 6:1 (6.0) | 6:10 (0.58) | |
Ergotamines (3.0) | 1:4 (0.25) | -- | 3:2 (1.50) | 1:7 (0.14) | |
Opioids (2.0) | 1:6 (0.17) | 2:3 (0.67) | -- | 1:10 (0.10) | |
Triptans (20.8) | 10:6 (1.73) | 7:1 (6.93) | 10:1 (10.4) | -- | |
Analgesics (31.0) | -- | 9:2 (4.43) | 15:1 (15.0) | 2:1 (2.14) | |
Ergotamines (7.0) | 2:9 (0.23) | -- | 7:2 (3.50) | 1:2 (0.48) | |
Opioids (2.0) | 1:15 (0.06) | 2:7 (0.29) | -- | 1:7 (0.14) | |
Triptans (14.5) | 1:2 (0.47) | 2:1 (2.07) | 7:1 (7.25) | -- | |
Analgesics (12.0) | -- | 12:3 (3.75) | 6:1 (6.00) | 4:5 (0.79) | |
Ergotamines (3.2) | 3:12 (0.27) | -- | 8:5 (1.60) | 1:5 (0.21) | |
Opioids (2.0) | 1:6 (0.17) | 5:8 (0.63) | -- | 1:8 (0.13) | |
Triptans (15.1) | 5:4 (1.25) | 5:1 (4.72) | 8:1 (7.55) | -- | |
Norway [43] | Analgesics (NA) | -- | NA | NA | NA |
Ergotamines (NA) | NA | -- | NA | NA | |
Opioids (2.0) | NA | NA | -- | 1:19 (0.05) | |
Triptans (37.0) | NA | NA | 19:1 (18.5) | -- | |
Spain [40] | Analgesics (16.4) | -- | 4:5 (0.82) | 8:1 (8.20) | 1:2 (0.56) |
Ergotamines (20.0) | 5:4 (1.22) | -- | 10:1 (10.0) | 2:3 (0.69) | |
Opioids (2.0) | 1:8 (0.12) | 1:10 (0.10) | -- | 1:15 (0.07) | |
Triptans (29.1) | 2:1 (1.77) | 3:2 (1.46) | 15:1 (14.6) | -- | |
Sweden [23] | Analgesics (NA) | -- | NA | NA | NA |
Ergotamines (NA) | NA | -- | NA | NA | |
Opioids (2.0) | NA | NA | -- | 3:19 (0.16) | |
Triptans (26.0) | NA | NA | 19:3 (6.34) | -- |