Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

Baseline

Age, y

41.0 (35.3 – 53.8)

44.0 (37.0 – 55.0)

0.379

Females

30 (83.3 %)

54 (75.0 %)

0.326

BMI, kg/m²

21.3 (19.5 – 24.4)

22.8 (20.5 – 24.6)

0.141

Disease duration, years

10.0 (4.8 – 21.0)

4.5 (2.0 – 10.0)

0.010

Type of primary headache

0.637

 Migraine without aura

26 (72.2 %)

55 (76.4 %)

 Migraine with aura

10 (27.8 %)

17 (23.6 %)

Chronic migraine

12 (33.3 %)

21 (29.2 %)

0.658

Allodynia (ASC ≥3)

9 (25.0 %)

15 (22.1 %)

0.735

Headache days (/month)

9.0 (3.0 – 20.0)

9.0 (4.0 – 25.0)

0.546

Severity of headache (numeric rating scale)

7.0 (6.1 - 8.5)

7.0 (6.0 - 8.3)

0.967

HIT-6 score

63.0 (60.0 – 67.5)

60.0 (56.0 – 65.0)

0.018

Pretreatment HADS score

14.0 (11.5 – 17.0)

13.0 (10.0 – 20.0)

0.888

Psychiatric comorbidity

 Depression

9 (36.0 %)

20 (46.5 %)

0.398

 Anxiety disorder

12 (46.2 %)

16 (37.2 %)

0.463

Estimated dose of caffeinated drinks (mg/day)

192.0 (96.0 – 192.0)

192.0 (96.0 – 288.0)

0.285

Prophylactic medication

25 (34.7 %)

17 (47.2 %)

0.209

 Topiramate

5 (13.9 %)

5 (6.9 %)

0.241

 Beta-blockers

12 (33.3 %)

15 (20.8 %)

0.157

 Calcium channel blockers

14 (38.9 %)

11 (15.3 %)

0.006

 Antidepressants

11 (30.6 %)

17 (23.6 %)

0.438

Antiemetics combination

25 (69.4 %)

49 (68.1 %)

0.884

Follow-up

Follow-up interval (days)

31.0 (28.0 – 84.3)

35.0 (20.3 – 87.5)

0.894

Estimated dose of caffeinated drinks during follow-up (mg/day)

0.0 (0.0 – 0.0)

96.0 (96.0 – 168.0)

<0.001

 <200

54 (75.0 %)

 ≥200

18 (25.0 %)

Headache days in the last month

8.5 (4.0 – 15.0)

7.0 (3.0 – 12.0)

0.330

Severity of headache (numeric rating scale)

5.5 (4.0 - 7.0)

6.0 (4.8 - 7.0)

0.117

Acute medication use in the last month

5.0 (4.0 – 10.0)

5.0 (3.5 – 7.5)

0.369

HIT-6 score ^a

59.0 (52.0 – 65.0)

60.0 (55.0 – 62.0)

0.547

HIT-6 improvement ^a

5.0 (1.0 – 10.0)

2.0 (-2.3 – 7.0)

0.085

ACT score

4.0 (2.3 – 4.0)

3.0 (1.0 – 4.0)

0.002

ACT = 4

26 (72.2 %)

29 (40.3 %)

0.002