Table 2 Gender, headache diagnoses and burden of headache in patients with EH and CH with and without depression and/or anxiety. HADS scores ≥8 indicate presence of depression and/or anxiety, HADS scores <8 indicate absence of depression and/or anxiety
EH (n = 232) | Statistics | CH (n = 160) | Statistics | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety and/or depression | Anxiety and/or depression | |||||||||||
Absent | Present | Absent | Present | |||||||||
Patients | Patients | Chi2 | p | Patients | Patients | Chi2 | p | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 14 | ns | ns | ||||||||||
Female | 112 | 83.6 | 80 | 87 | 35 | 63.6 | 70 | 72.2 | ||||
Male | 22 | 16.4 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 36.4 | 27 | 27.8 | ||||
Headache diagnosis | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 14 | ||||||||||||
Migraine | 113 | 84.3 | 82 | 89.1 | *ns | 24 | 43.6 | 43 | 44.3 | *ns | ||
Tension-type headache | 18 | 13.3 | 7 | 7.6 | *ns | 12 | 21.8 | 10 | 10.3 | *ns | ||
pMOH | - | - | - | - | - | 19 | 34.5 | 41 | 42.3 | *ns | ||
Other headache | 3 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.3 | *ns | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3.1 | *ns | ||
Quality of life | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 15 | 40.8 | 0.001 | 32.6 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
Very good | 34 | 25.4 | 11 | 12 | 17 | 30.9 | 5 | 5.2 | ||||
Good | 87 | 64.9 | 39 | 42.4 | 23 | 41.8 | 26 | 27.1 | ||||
Neither good nor poor | 12 | 9 | 30 | 32.6 | 13 | 23.6 | 35 | 36.5 | ||||
Poor | 1 | 0.7 | 9 | 9.8 | 1 | 1.8 | 19 | 19.8 | ||||
Very poor | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3.3 | 1 | 1.8 | 11 | 11.5 | ||||
Employment status | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 31 | 10.0 | 0.002 | 17.0 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
Employed | 116 | 89.9 | 64 | 73.6 | 46 | 88.5 | 51 | 54.8 | ||||
Unemployed/retired | 13 | 10.1 | 23 | 26.4 | 6 | 11.5 | 42 | 45.2 | ||||
Lost days in preceding 3 months** | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 56 | ns | ns | ||||||||||
0-5 | 41 | 32.3. | 23 | 28.4 | 13 | 26.5 | 10 | 12.7 | ||||
6-10 | 21 | 16.5 | 14 | 17.3 | 3 | 6.1 | 3 | 3.8 | ||||
11-20 | 27 | 21.3 | 13 | 16 | 7 | 14.3 | 11 | 13.9 | ||||
>20 | 38 | 29.9 | 31 | 38.3 | 26 | 53.1 | 55 | 69.6 | ||||
Headache interfered with education | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 20 | ns | ns | ||||||||||
Yes | 38 | 29 | 36 | 39.6 | 20 | 37 | 45 | 46.9 | ||||
No | 93 | 71 | 55 | 60.4 | 34 | 63 | 51 | 53.1 | ||||
Less successful in career due to HA | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 22 | 7.3 | 0.007 | ns | |||||||||
Yes | 34 | 25.8 | 38 | 43.2 | 20 | 37 | 49 | 51 | ||||
No | 98 | 74.2 | 50 | 56.8 | 34 | 63 | 47 | 49 | ||||
Reduced earnings due to HA | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 57 | 9.1 | 0.003 | ns | |||||||||
Yes | 11 | 9.1 | 20 | 24.7 | 9 | 20 | 31 | 35.2 | ||||
No | 110 | 90.9 | 61 | 75.3 | 36 | 80 | 57 | 64.8 | ||||
HA understood by colleagues/employer | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 157 | 11.5 | 0.001 | 4.3 | 0.039 | ||||||||
Yes | 73 | 78.5 | 29 | 51.8 | 24 | 70.6 | 25 | 48.1 | ||||
No | 20 | 21.5 | 27 | 48.2 | 10 | 29.4 | 27 | 51.9 | ||||
HA understood by family | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 25 | 8.8 | 0.003 | ns | |||||||||
Yes | 128 | 96.2 | 74 | 85.1 | 49 | 90.7 | 76 | 81.7 | ||||
No | 5 | 3.8 | 13 | 14.9 | 5 | 9.3 | 17 | 18.3 | ||||
Avoid telling people about HA | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 19 | 7.8 | 0.05 | 4.9 | 0.028 | ||||||||
Yes | 33 | 24.8 | 38 | 42.7 | 19 | 34.5 | 51 | 53.1 | ||||
No | 100 | 75.2 | 51 | 57.3 | 36 | 65.5 | 45 | 46.9 | ||||
Feeling of being in control of the headaches | ||||||||||||
Missing data: 18 | ns | ns | ||||||||||
Yes | 91 | 67.9 | 58 | 65.2 | 34 | 63 | 52 | 53.6 | ||||
No | 43 | 32.1 | 31 | 34.8 | 20 | 37 | 45 | 46.4 | ||||