Table 1 Symptom burden: frequency, intensity and duration of headache for all headache and each headache type, by gender
From: The burden of headache disorders in Nepal: estimates from a population-based survey
| Â | All | Male | Female | p a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
All headache (N = 1794 [males 689; females 1105]) | ||||
Headache frequency (days/month) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 6.2 | 2.9 ± 4.8 | 4.3 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
 Median [IQR] | 2.0 [0.4–3.0] | 1.0 [0.3–3.0] | 2.0 [0.5–4.0] | <0.001 |
Headache intensity | ||||
 Not bad | 373 (20.8) | 184 (26.7) | 189 (17.1) |  |
 Quite bad | 901 (50.2) | 344 (49.9) | 557 (50.4) | |
 Very bad | 520 (29.0) | 161 (23.4) | 359 (32.5) | |
 Meanb ± SD | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
 Medianb [IQR] | 2 [2, 3] | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [2, 3] | <0.001 |
Headache duration (hours) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 41.9 ± 108.5 | 23.3 ± 46.8 | 53.4 ± 131.9 | <0.001 |
 Median [IQR] | 8.0 [2.0–45.0] | 6.0 [1.3–24.0] | 10.0 [2.3–48.0] | <0.001 |
Migraine (N = 728 [males 249; females 479]) | ||||
Headache frequency (days/month) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 2.3 | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 0.46 |
 Median [IQR] | 2.0 [0.4–3.0] | 2.0 [0.3–3.0] | 2.4 [0.6–3.0] | 0.29 |
Headache intensity | ||||
 Not bad | 60 (8.2) | 21 (8.4) | 39 (8.1) |  |
 Quite bad | 354 (48.6) | 123 (49.4) | 231 (48.2) | |
 Very bad | 314 (43.1) | 105 (42.2) | 209 (43.6) | |
 Meanb ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 0.72 |
 Medianb [IQR] | 2 [2, 3] | 2 [2, 3] | 2 [2, 3] | 0.71 |
Headache duration | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 33.6 ± 47.9 | 29.7 ± 43.3 | 35.7 ± 50.0 | 0.093 |
 Median [IQR] | 12.0 [4.0–48.0] | 10.0 [4.0–48.0] | 14.0 [4.0–48.0] | 0.084 |
Tension-type headache (N = 863 [males 384; females 479]) | ||||
Headache frequency (days/month) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 2.3 | 0.009 |
 Median [IQR] | 1.0 [0.3–2.0] | 1.0 [0.2–2.0] | 1.0 [0.3–3.0] | 0.011 |
Headache intensity | ||||
 Not bad | 292 (33.8) | 154 (40.1) | 138 (28.8) |  |
 Quite bad | 477 (53.3) | 198 (51.6) | 279 (58.2) | |
 Very bad | 94 (10.9) | 32 (8.3) | 62 (12.2) | |
 Meanb ± SD | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
 Medianb [IQR] | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–2] | 2 [1–2] | <0.001 |
Headache duration | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 16.0 ± 31.0 | 14.0 ± 27.1 | 18.0 ± 33.6 | 0.043 |
 Median [IQR] | 4.0 [0.8–15.0] | 4.0 [0.8–20.0] | 4.0 [0.8–20.0] | 0.030 |
Probable medication-overuse headache (N = 46 [males 11; females 35]) | ||||
Headache frequency (days/month) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 6.2 | 19.4 ± 4.4 | 24.0 ± 6.3 | 0.010 |
 Median [IQR] | 20.0 [16.7–30.0] | 17.0 [16.0–20.0] | 30.0 [19.0–30.0] | 0.063 |
Headache intensity | ||||
 Not bad | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) |  |
 Quite bad | 15 (32.6) | 6 (54.5) | 9 (25.7) | |
 Very bad | 30 (65.2) | 5 (45.5) | 25 (71.4) | |
 Meanb ± SD | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.65 |
 Medianb [IQR] | 3 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 3 [2–3] | 0.23 |
Headache duration | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 318.9 ± 309.6 | 91.0 ± 82.8 | 390.5 ± 320.6 | 0.21 |
 Median [IQR] | 176.0 [40.0–720.0] | 48.0 [32.0–200.0] | 375.0 [45.0–720.0] | 0.020 |