Migraine is associated with an increased risk for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a nationwide population-based study

Table 3 Risk factors for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in patients with migraine

	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis^a
	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis^a
Variables	HR (95 % CI)	P value	HR (95 % CI)	P value
Age ≥ 40 years	2.53 (1.63–3.92)	<0.001	2.20 (1.40–3.45)	0.001
Male sex	0.72 (0.44–1.17)	0.186
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	0.58 (0.24–1.42)	0.233
Hypertension	1.97 (1.25–3.1)	0.003
Heart failure	2.00 (0.63–6.32)	0.238
COPD	1.93 (1.16–3.20)	0.011
Asthma	1.34 (0.71–2.51)	0.366
Chronic kidney disease	1.33 (0.62–2.88)	0.467
Coronary artery disease	6.35 (1.56–25.8)	0.010	4.62 (1.12–19.01)	0.034
Dyslipidemia	1.56 (0.95–2.56)	0.080
Cirrhosis	2.78 (0.69–11.3)	0.152
Autoimmune diseases	1.64 (0.82–3.27)	0.159
Cerebrovascular disease	2.60 (1.60–4.22)	<0.001
Previous BPPV	3.54 (0.87–14.39)	0.077
Neurologists’ OPD visit for migraine	3.00 (2.56–3.51)	<0.001	2.93 (2.50–3.44)	<0.001
Migraine with aura	1.38 (0.71–2.65)	0.340

Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BPPV benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
^aAll factors with p < 0.1 in univariate analyses were selected for Cox multivariable analysis
The reference groups for each variable were as follows: Age < 40 years, female, without co-morbidities, without neurologist OPD visit, or without aura, respectively

ISSN: 1129-2377