Effect of negative emotions evoked by light, noise and taste on trigeminal thermal sensitivity

Table 2 Impact of gender on warmth detection threshold (WDT, °C) changes with different stimuli

Gender		Visual (1)	Auditory (2)	Gustatory (3)	Multisensory (4)	F	P	1 vs .4	2 vs .4	3 vs .4
Female	Mean	−0.08	−0.12	−0.02	−0.15	0.098	N.S	0.784	0.938	0.438
	SD	0.76	0.64	0.35	0.60	0.098	N.S	0.784	0.938	0.438
Male	Mean	0.17	−0.03	0.27	−0.33	6.036	0.003	0.019	N.S	0.003
	SD	0.29	0.21	0.50	0.33	6.036	0.003	0.019	N.S	0.003
Sum	Mean	0.04	−0.08	0.13	−0.24	2.241	N.S	0.058	0.387	0.004
	SD	0.57	0.46	0.45	0.48	2.241	N.S	0.058	0.387	0.004

To evaluate the multisensory effect, the delta values (“changes”) in 9000 lux light visual test, 90 dB noise auditory test, gustatory test, and multisensory stimulation test were compared using two-way repeated ANOVA with conditioning stimuli as within-participant factor, gender as between-participant factor. The male participants presented a statistically significant decrease in “delta” WDT during multisensory conditioning stimuli compared with light stimulus alone (P = 0.019) or taste alone (P = 0.003). Italics values indicate statistically significant P values (P < 0.05).

ISSN: 1129-2377