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Table 3 Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs) and Kappa values for questionnaire diagnoses compared with “gold standard”

From: The burden of headache disorders in Pakistan: methodology of a population-based nationwide study, and questionnaire validation

 

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Kappa

No headache

1

1

1

1

 

Migraine

0.74

0.87

0.60

0.92

0.56

TTH

0.60

0.92

0.69

0.88

0.54

Headache on ≥15 days/month

0.98

1

1

0.99

0.98

Probable MOH

0.86

0.82

0.17

0.99

0.19

  1. Pakistan, 2013.