Table 3 Logistic regression analysis for each single variable and adjusted independent risk factors

Demographic factors

Age

0.05

1.05

1.01–1.10

0.020

BMI

0.03

1.03

0.97–1.09

0.352

Smoking

0.03

0.97

0.77–1.22

0.790

Alcohol consumption

–0.04

0.96

0.82–1.14

0.680

History

Primary headache(yes)

1.51

4.52

2.44–8.37

<0.001

High altitude exposure (yes)

–1.64

0.85

0.60–1.20

0.353

Athletic training(yes)

0.15

1.16

0.71–1.91

0.554

Psychological scale

SAS

0.20

1.22

1.16–1.29

<0.001

Physiological factors

SBP

0.01

1.01

0.99–1.02

0.457

DBP

0

1.00

0.99–1.02

0.581

ΔBPBP

0

1.00

0.98–1.02

0.671

MAP

0.01

1.00

0.99–1.02

0.507

SaO₂

–0.09

0.91

0.86–0.96

0.001

HR

0.02

1.02

1.01–1.04

0.002

Sleep

Insomnia(yes)

0.97

2.64

1.92–3.65

<0.001

ESS

0.09

1.09

1.05–1.14

<0.001

PLI

–0.23

0.80

0.64–1.00

0.045

Adjusted independent risk factors

Primary headache history (yes)

1.20

3.30

1.73–6.30

<0.001

Insomnia(yes)

0.65

1.91

1.35–2.70

<0.001

SaO₂

–0.06

0.94

0.89–1.00

0.035

HR

0.020

1.020

1.00–1.03

0.009

SAS

0.16

1.18

1.11–1.25

<0.001