Migraine predicts physical and pain symptoms among psychiatric outpatients

Table 3 Comparison of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms as well as demographic variables between outpatients with and without migraine and MDE

	*Total (n = 214)*		*Yes*	No	*Estimated difference* ^a
HAMD	18.3 ± 6.3	Migraine (n = 75)	21.6 ± 5.5**	16.5 ± 6.1	4.7**
		MDE (n = 95)	23.0 ± 4.1**	14.5 ± 5.3	8.1**
DS	18.9 ± 8.6	Migraine	24.1 ± 7.9**	16.1 ± 7.6	7.3**
		MDE	25.3 ± 6.0**	13.8 ± 6.7	10.9**
SS	13.0 ± 7.0	Migraine	17.5 ± 6.7**	10.5 ± 5.9	6.2**
		MDE	16.1 ± 7.1**	10.4 ± 5.9	5.3**
HADS-D	10.3 ± 5.0	Migraine	12.8 ± 4.5**	8.9 ± 4.7	3.8**
		MDE	13.7 ± 3.7**	7.5 ± 4.0	6.1**
HADS-A	12.1 ± 4.4	Migraine	13.9 ± 4.0**	11.2 ± 4.4	2.6**
		MDE	14.4 ± 3.5**	10.3 ± 4.3	4.0**
Age (years)	38.3 ± 10.5	Migraine	38.1 ± 9.6	38.5 ± 10.9
		MDE	36.3 ± 10.0*	40.0 ± 10.6
Educational years	12.5 ± 2.9	Migraine	12.2 ± 2.9	12.7 ± 3.0
		MDE	12.5 ± 2.7	12.5 ± 3.1
Gender (female, %)	63.1	Migraine	82.7**	52.5
		MDE	67.4	59.7
Employed (yes, %)	66.4	Migraine	60.0	69.8
		MDE	65.3	67.2
Married (yes, %)	56.5	Migraine	56.0	56.8
		MDE	47.4*	63.9

HAMD Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, DS depression subscale of the Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), SS somatic subscale of the DSSS, HADS-D depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), HADS-A anxiety subscale of the HADS, MDE a current major depressive episode.
^aEstimated difference contributed by migraine or a MDE after controlling for five demographic variables. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.

ISSN: 1129-2377