Drug-dependence behaviour and outcome of medication-overuse headache after treatment

Table 5 Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) score (mean ± SD) for the R-group and the NR-group at baseline and at 1-year follow-up

Item	R-group		NR-group
Item	Baseline	1 year	Baseline	1 year
1. Do you find yourself thinking about when you will next be able to take analgesics?	1.4 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.6*	1.3 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.9
2. Is taking analgesics more important than anything else you might do during the day?	0.8 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.6
3. Do you feel your need for analgesics is too strong to control?	0.9 ± 0.8†	0.6 ± 0.6‡	1.3 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.6
4. Do you plan your days around taking analgesics?	0.9 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.5†	1.0 ± 0.7	1.0 ± 0.7
5. Do you take analgesics in a particular way in order to increase the effect it gives you?	0.7 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.7
6. Do you take analgesics morning, afternoon and evening?	1.4 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.5**^,‡	1.5 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 0.5
7. Do you feel you have to continue taking analgesics once you have started?	1.0 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.6^‡	1.3 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.6
8. Is getting the effect you want more important than the particular analgesic you use?	2.1 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.7**^,‡	1.8 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.7
9. Do you want to take more analgesics when the effect starts to wear off?	0.9 ± 06^‡	0.7 ± 0.5^‡	1.6 ± 0.7	1.5 ± 0.7
10. Do you find it difficult to cope with life without analgesics?	1.9 ± 0.7^‡	1.1 ± 0.6**	1.3 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 0.6
LDQ total score	11.9 ± 2.0	7.8 ± 2.3**^,‡	12.8 ± 2.1	12.1 ± 2.1

Differences within each group at baseline and at 1-year follow-up: * p ≤ 0.01, ** p < 0.001
Differences between the R- and NR-groups at baseline and at 1-year follow-up: ^†p ≤ 0.007, ^‡p < 0.001

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